Java Intro: Basics and Principles

Lazy evaluation means that the second sub-condition is not evaluated if the first sub-condition evaluates to false for and (&&) conditions, and not evaluated if the first sub-condition evaluates to true for or (||) conditions.

The three expressions in a for loop statement are: initialization (initializes the controlling variable), condition (defines a condition checked before each iteration), and update (indicates how the control variable is updated after each iteration).

The Scanner class is used to read input from the user, allowing the program to interact with the user and obtain input values.

The int total = 0; statement initializes a variable to store the sum of numbers, and it is used in the for loop to accumulate the sum of numbers from 1 to n.

The System.out.println(number); statement prints the value of the number variable to the console.

The int n = keyboard.nextInt(); statement reads an integer input from the user and stores it in the n variable.

Compiled languages are converted to machine code before execution, while interpreted languages are translated line-by-line during execution.

To inform the compiler about the type of data that will be stored in the variable.

Integer division results in an integer type, discarding any fractional part, while floating-point division results in a floating-point type.

To simplify the syntax of assigning a value to a variable based on its current value.

The increment operator (++) adds one to the value of a variable, while the decrement operator (--) subtracts one from the value of a variable.

To improve code readability and avoid conflicts with reserved words.

The Scanner class is used for simple input.

You can concatenate strings using the + operator.

The print() method prints to the screen and leaves the cursor on the same line, while the println() method prints to the screen and takes the cursor to the next line.

The main() method is the entry point of a Java program, and it is executed when the program is run.

You can import a package using the import statement.

The System.out object is used to access the console for output.

You can use the equals() or equalsIgnoreCase() method to check for equality between two strings.

The if statement is used for selection, and it executes a block of code if a condition is true.

Debugging is used to identify and fix errors in a Java program.

Primitive data types, such as int and float, are basic data types, while objects are instances of classes, such as String and Scanner.