Object-Oriented Programming Revision

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the benefits of standardizing on Eclipse as an IDE?

  • Lower development costs
  • More programming languages supported
  • Enhanced code performance
  • Ensure Uniformity (correct)

What is a key characteristic of high-level programming languages?

  • Direct execution by the hardware
  • Limited functionality compared to assembly languages
  • More human-readable syntax (correct)
  • Dependency on assembly language

Which statement best describes an object in Java?

  • An object is a collection of fields and behaviors. (correct)
  • Each object shares all of its attributes with others.
  • An object cannot contain methods.
  • Objects cannot hold their own data.

In Java, what does a compiler do?

<p>Translates code written in one language to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the legal structures and commands in programming referred to as?

<p>Syntax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error is caused by a flaw in the program's structure that leads the compiler to fail?

<p>Syntax error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of escape characters in Java?

<p>To represent special characters in strings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the characteristics of a variable?

<p>A variable consists of a name and a type. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are benefits of modern Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

<p>Encapsulation (A), Inheritance (B), Polymorphism (C), Code re-use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a constructor in Java?

<p>A type of method used to construct objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the private keyword signify in Java?

<p>The private member can be accessed by any method in the class that contains it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the method getMessage()?

<p>It returns the value of its associated attribute. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct function of the mutator method setMessage()?

<p>It has no return type and changes the value of its associated attribute. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the public keyword denote for a class, data, or method in Java?

<p>The class, data, or method is visible to any class in any package. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about inner classes in Java?

<p>An inner class can access the public members of the outer class. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to utilize enum types in Java?

<p>When you need to represent a fixed set of constants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes method overriding in Java?

<p>A method can be overridden only if it is accessible in the subclass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement is true regarding static methods and inheritance in Java?

<p>Static methods, when redefined in the subclass, hide the method from the superclass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between method overriding and method overloading?

<p>Overloading occurs when two methods in the same class have the same name but different parameters, while overriding involves modifying inherited methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the garbage collector in Java primarily do?

<p>It reclaims memory from objects that no longer have a reference pointing to them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers garbage collection in Java?

<p>When System.gc() is invoked. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the garbage collector in Java is correct?

<p>It runs periodically as a background thread. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the finalize() method in Java?

<p>It is defined in the java.lang.Object class and returns void. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to define an array in Java?

<p>Arrays are fixed in size and cannot be modified after creation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes arrays in Java?

<p>Arrays are objects that occupy memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a histogram be effectively used to represent array data?

<p>By plotting each numeric value as a bar of asterisks (*). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding overloaded constructors in Java?

<p>Overloaded constructors can share the same name but must differ in parameter lists. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct understanding of object aggregation in Java?

<p>Creating an instance of one class as a reference in another class. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the accurate relationship between a superclass and a subclass in Java?

<p>A subclass inherits data fields and methods from its superclass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about method overriding in Java is true?

<p>A method can only be overridden if it is accessible in the subclass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following relates to the java.lang.Object class?

<p>It is the base class for all Java objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does polymorphism allow developers to achieve in Java?

<p>Execute a single action in various ways. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming paradigm organizing software design around data (objects) rather than functions.

Syntax Error

A problem in a program's structure that the compiler detects.

Compiler

A program that translates source code into machine code.

String

A sequence of characters in a programming language.

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Object (Java)

A collection of data (fields) and operations (methods) that work together.

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Variable

A named storage location in a computer program that can hold a value.

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Java Programming

A high-level, object-oriented programming language that has become widely used for development, renowned for its security.

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Escape Character

Special characters used to represent characters not able to be typed directly (e.g., newline, tab).

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OOP Benefits

Object-Oriented Programming offers code reusability, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

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Java Constructor

Constructs objects and initializes their values by invoking a special method.

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Private keyword

Restricts access to a class member (variable or method) so that only code within the same class can see it.

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Accessor Method

A method that accesses but doesn't change the value of a class member.

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Mutator Method

A method that changes the value of a class member.

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public keyword

Makes a class member (data or method) visible from anywhere.

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Inner Class

A class defined inside another class, providing better organization and encapsulation.

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enum in Java

Used to define a fixed set of named constants in Java.

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Method Overriding in Java

A subclass can redefine a method from its superclass, changing its behavior.

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Method Overloading

Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

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Java Garbage Collector

Automatically manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.

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Garbage Collection Trigger

Occurs when there are no references to an object, not manually by the programmer.

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Static Methods & Inheritance

Static methods are inherited, but cannot be overridden (redefined).

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Private Methods & Inheritance

Private methods in a superclass cannot be overridden by subclasses.

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finalize() method in Java

A method in the Object class to perform cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected.

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Arrays in Java

Fixed-size collections of elements of the same type.

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Overloaded Constructors

Methods with the same name but different parameter lists in a class.

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Object Aggregation

Creating an object of one class containing a reference to another object of another class (it's a 'has-a' relationship).

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Superclass/Subclass

A subclass inherits properties and methods from its superclass.

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java.lang.Object

The base class for all Java classes, providing core methods for all objects.

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Upcasting/Downcasting

Upcasting is widening the type of an object reference; downcasting is narrowing the type to a more specific type (requires casting).

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Polymorphism in Java

The ability of an object to take on many forms through method overriding and overloading.

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Study Notes

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Revision

  • Eclipse is a powerful, open-source IDE supporting Java and other object-oriented languages
  • Eclipse standardization ensures uniformity, leverages specific features, and enhances collaboration
  • Three main types of computer languages exist: Machine, Assembly, and High-Level
  • Programming has evolved through stages, including Machine Code, Assembly Language, and higher-level languages emphasizing procedures, functions, and objects
  • Java and OOP are important due to their emphasis on inheritance, cloning objects, code reusability, and characteristic features
  • Core Java features include: Object-Oriented, Interpreted, Portable, Secure, Dynamic, Reliable, and Multi-threaded
  • Classes consist of attributes, methods performing tasks, and methods returning completion information

Programming Language Concepts

  • Translation tools like compilers convert between languages
  • Programming language semantics govern the set of legal commands and structures
  • Syntax errors result from structural program limitations preventing compiler execution

Data Types and Variables

  • Strings represent sequences of text
  • Character arrays similarly store text characters
  • Java escape characters include \t (tab), \n (newline), " (double quote) and \ (backslash)
  • Variables possess names, data types, sizes, and values

Objects and Classes in Java

  • Java objects are collections of fields (representing state) and methods (describing behavior)
  • Java objects are instances of classes
  • The Object class is a fundamental class in Java

Benefits and Features of OOP

  • Code reusability
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
  • OOP benefits from constructors to instantiate objects, and has private and other keywords to manage accessibility of object members
  • Polymorphism enables a method to have different implementations in subclasses
  • The Garbage Collector reclaims memory from unreferenced objects
  • The finalize() method is executed for resources when an object is garbage collected
  • Arrays in Java are objects occupying memory used to store collections of data

Abstract Classes

  • Abstract classes cannot be instantiated directly but serve as templates for concrete subclasses
  • Their purpose facilitates defining inheritance hierarchies

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