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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'senpai' refer to in Japanese culture?
What does the term 'senpai' refer to in Japanese culture?
- Library
- Senior member of a group (correct)
- Junior member of a group
- Department store
How is the senpai-kouhai relationship typically determined?
How is the senpai-kouhai relationship typically determined?
- By academic achievements
- By physical appearance
- By individual merits and abilities
- By who became a member of the group first (correct)
What is the role of a senpai towards kouhai in Japanese society?
What is the role of a senpai towards kouhai in Japanese society?
- Teach them only for a short period
- Compete with them
- Take care of them for a lifetime (correct)
- Ignore them
Which term refers to 'over there' in Japanese?
Which term refers to 'over there' in Japanese?
Where would you find a 'suupaa' in Japan?
Where would you find a 'suupaa' in Japan?
In Japanese culture, which location is typically referred to as 'here'?
In Japanese culture, which location is typically referred to as 'here'?
What does the particle 'wa' indicate?
What does the particle 'wa' indicate?
Which particle can follow a place noun to indicate the location of existence?
Which particle can follow a place noun to indicate the location of existence?
What verb is typically followed by a place + ni in Japanese?
What verb is typically followed by a place + ni in Japanese?
How is politeness shown in Japanese with honorific verbs?
How is politeness shown in Japanese with honorific verbs?
'Toshokan ni imasu' signifies what in Japanese?
'Toshokan ni imasu' signifies what in Japanese?
'Amerika ni wa arimasen' indicates what about the location?
'Amerika ni wa arimasen' indicates what about the location?
What is the purpose of using honorific forms in Japanese language?
What is the purpose of using honorific forms in Japanese language?
When should honorific verbs be used in Japanese?
When should honorific verbs be used in Japanese?
Which of the following is an example of an honorific verb in Japanese?
Which of the following is an example of an honorific verb in Japanese?
How can non-honorific verbs be converted into an honorific form in Japanese?
How can non-honorific verbs be converted into an honorific form in Japanese?
What is the purpose of using the Ko-So-A-Do series in Japanese?
What is the purpose of using the Ko-So-A-Do series in Japanese?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for using honorific forms in Japanese?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for using honorific forms in Japanese?
What does the kochira, sochira, achira, dochira series indicate?
What does the kochira, sochira, achira, dochira series indicate?
Why may the kochira series be considered more polite than the koko series?
Why may the kochira series be considered more polite than the koko series?
In what context is the kotchi, sotchi, atchi, dotchi series typically used?
In what context is the kotchi, sotchi, atchi, dotchi series typically used?
What does 'dochira' mean in Japanese?
What does 'dochira' mean in Japanese?
If someone says 'Sochira wa dou desu ka?', what are they asking about?
If someone says 'Sochira wa dou desu ka?', what are they asking about?
Which series is used to indicate the speaker's side of a telephone conversation?
Which series is used to indicate the speaker's side of a telephone conversation?
What does a place noun followed by the particle 'de' indicate?
What does a place noun followed by the particle 'de' indicate?
How can the sentence 'Iriguchi de aimashou' be translated?
How can the sentence 'Iriguchi de aimashou' be translated?
Which particles can be added to 'de' to indicate contrast or addition?
Which particles can be added to 'de' to indicate contrast or addition?
What is the specific role of particles 'wa' and 'mo' when added to 'de'?
What is the specific role of particles 'wa' and 'mo' when added to 'de'?
What type of particles are 'wa' and 'mo' considered to be?
What type of particles are 'wa' and 'mo' considered to be?
Why are 'wa' and 'mo' added to particle 'de' instead of replacing it?
Why are 'wa' and 'mo' added to particle 'de' instead of replacing it?
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Study Notes
Particle De (Location of Activity)
- A place noun followed by particle de indicates the location where some activity takes place.
- Can be translated as 'in', 'at', 'on', etc.
- Examples: Iriguchi de aimashou (Let's meet at the entrance), Amerika de benkyou-shimashita (I studied in America)
Particle De with Wa and Mo
- Wa and mo can be added to particle de to indicate contrast or addition.
- Examples: Nihon de wa ohashi o tsukaimasu (In Japan, we use chopsticks), Chuugoku de mo ohashi o tsukaimasu (In China, they use chopsticks, too)
- Wa and mo are added to particle de, not replacing it, because de has a specific meaning (location of activity) while ga and o indicate grammatical roles (subject and object).
Particle Types
- Discourse Particles: wa (contrast), mo (addition)
- Case Particles: ga (subject), o (object)
- Semantic Particles: de (location of activity) and others
Particle Ni (Location of Existence)
- A place noun followed by particle ni indicates the place where something or someone is located.
- Examples: Toshokan ni imasu (He is in the library), Toshokan ni arimasu (It is in the library)
- Particle ni is used with verbs of existence, such as arimasu, imasu, and their variations.
Irasshaimasu (Honorific Verbs)
- Irasshaimasu is a honorific verb used to show deference to others.
- Examples: Sensei irasshaimasu ka (Is the professor here?), Okaeri ni narimashita (She went home)
- Honorific verbs are used to raise the person being talked about, and are used to describe people to whom you want to show deference.
Ko-So-A-Do Series
- Kore, sore, are, and dore are part of a pattern that indicates location.
- Examples: Hayashi (where), asoko (over there), koko (here), soko (there), achira (over there), dochira (which way)
Senpai-Kouhai Relationship
- The senpai-kouhai relationship is a strong mentoring relationship in Japanese society.
- Senpai is used to show respect to someone who is senior to you.
- Kouhai is used to show respect to someone who is junior to you.
Additional Notes
- The kochira series is used to indicate the general area or direction, and can be used as more polite equivalents of the koko series.
- The kotchi, sotchi, atchi, dotchi series is used among friends or in casual situations.
- The kochira series is used in telephone conversations to indicate the speaker's side or the other side.
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