James Till: Stem Cell Discoveries

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Questions and Answers

James Till's research, alongside Ernest McCulloch, primarily centered on which biological component?

  • Undifferentiated cells in bone marrow (correct)
  • Muscle cells responsible for skeletal movement
  • Nerve cells within the central nervous system
  • Epithelial cells forming the outer layer of skin

What was the primary focus of the seminal 1961 paper co-authored by James Till and Ernest McCulloch?

  • The development of novel cancer treatments using radiation
  • The role of the internet in improving patient quality of life post-cancer treatment
  • The ethical implications of radiation therapy on cancer patients
  • The sensitivity of murine bone marrow cells to ionizing radiation (correct)

In which specific location did Till and McCulloch discover the presence of unspecialized adult stem cells?

  • The outer periosteum layer of long bones
  • The central, dense cortical bone tissue
  • The inner marrow of bones (correct)
  • The cartilaginous epiphyseal plates of bones

Which sequence accurately represents the chronological order of James Till's affiliations and achievements?

<p>Yale PhD -&gt; University of Toronto position -&gt; Royal Society of Canada Fellow -&gt; Lasker Award (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prior to his significant contributions to biophysics, in what field did James Till initially pursue his undergraduate studies?

<p>Physics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, jointly awarded to Till and McCulloch, recognized their contributions to which area?

<p>Discovery of fundamental properties of adult stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond stem cell research, James Till expanded his research interests to include which of the following areas?

<p>Cancer treatment ethics and the role of online patient support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 1961 paper by Till and McCulloch is considered 'seminal' primarily because it:

<p>Established the foundation for understanding stem cell sensitivity to radiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind James Till's decision to return to Canada and accept a position at the University of Toronto in 1957?

<p>The specific research opportunities and collaborative environment offered at the University of Toronto. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

James Till

A physicist known for research in cancer treatment and stem cells.

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells in bone marrow that can develop into any type of blood cell.

Radiation Sensitivity

The response of cells to ionizing radiation, significant in cancer treatment.

Albert Lasker Award

A prestigious award for basic medical research, received by Till in 2005.

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Royal Society of Canada

An organization recognizing prominent Canadian scholars; Till became a Fellow in 1969.

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University of Toronto

Where Till worked after declining Yale's offer in 1957.

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Biophysics PhD

Till completed a PhD in biophysics from Yale University in 1957.

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Ontario Cancer Institute

Institution where Till joined in 1958 to conduct cancer research.

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Cancer Treatment Research

Till expanded his research interests to include ethics and patient quality of life.

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Study Notes

James Till: Scientist and Discoverer of Stem Cells

  • Born in 1931 in rural Canada
  • Earned a PhD in biophysics from Yale University in 1957
  • Worked at the University of Toronto, and the Ontario Cancer Institute
  • Collaborated with Ernest McCulloch on stem cell research
  • Discovered the existence and workings of stem cells in mouse bone marrow
  • Published research in 1961 on the radiation sensitivity of mouse bone marrow cells
  • Became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1969
  • Awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 2005, jointly with Ernest McCulloch

Key Contributions

  • Made significant contributions to understanding stem cells
  • Continued research in cancer treatment, research ethics, and patient advocacy
  • His work expanded to include the role of the internet and patient support

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