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Questions and Answers
What describes the range from Creole varieties to Standard Jamaican English?
What describes the range from Creole varieties to Standard Jamaican English?
Which term refers to the situation where two language varieties exist in a community for different contexts?
Which term refers to the situation where two language varieties exist in a community for different contexts?
How is Jamaican Creole primarily referred to by its speakers?
How is Jamaican Creole primarily referred to by its speakers?
What essential component distinguishes pidgin from creole languages?
What essential component distinguishes pidgin from creole languages?
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The phonology of Jamaican Creole differs from Standard Jamaican English primarily in which aspect?
The phonology of Jamaican Creole differs from Standard Jamaican English primarily in which aspect?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the phonetic features of Jamaican English?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the phonetic features of Jamaican English?
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What name is given to the languages that contribute to the syntax and pronunciation of a pidging ?
What name is given to the languages that contribute to the syntax and pronunciation of a pidging ?
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Which consonant sounds are not used by Jamaican Creole speakers ?
Which consonant sounds are not used by Jamaican Creole speakers ?
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The dental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/ in lower varieties of Jamaican English are commonly pronounced as what?
The dental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/ in lower varieties of Jamaican English are commonly pronounced as what?
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What is the primary socio-cultural influence behind the development of a pidgin in Jamaica?
What is the primary socio-cultural influence behind the development of a pidgin in Jamaica?
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What name is given to pronouncing dental fricatives as [t̠] and [d̠] in basilectal and mesolectal Jamaican English?
What name is given to pronouncing dental fricatives as [t̠] and [d̠] in basilectal and mesolectal Jamaican English?
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What characterizes the realization of the voiced velar lateral in Jamaican English.
What characterizes the realization of the voiced velar lateral in Jamaican English.
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Which connected speech phenomena do Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole share?
Which connected speech phenomena do Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole share?
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Which of the following vowels is pronounced [o] in the whole Jamaican continuum?
Which of the following vowels is pronounced [o] in the whole Jamaican continuum?
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How is the phrase 'little boy' pronounced in Jamaican Creole?
How is the phrase 'little boy' pronounced in Jamaican Creole?
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Study Notes
Jamaican Dialect Continuum
- A dialect continuum exists in Jamaica, ranging from basilectal Creole to Standard Jamaican English, with intermediate mesolectal varieties.
- Socioeconomic status correlates with these varieties.
- Educated Jamaicans use Creole in informal settings and Standard Jamaican English in formal settings.
- Some speakers are near monolingual in Creole.
Creole Origins
- Creole languages develop from pidgins.
- Pidgins emerge from the need for communication between speakers of different languages.
- The dominant group's language heavily influences pidgin lexicon and phonology.
- Syntax comes from various languages of those in a subordinate position.
- Pidgins develop into creoles through successive generations, with increased complexity and evolution.
Jamaican Creole (JamC)
- Often called "Patwa" or "Patois"
- Features significant variation compared to Standard Jamaican English (SJamE).
- Variation appears in vocalic systems, notably in the realisation of vowel sounds.
- Also notable differences in the realisation of consonants.
Phonological Differences
- Differences between JamC and SJamE appear in the realizations of consonant clusters, the simplification of consonant clusters with /t/ and /d/, and the realization of /θ/ and /ð/ as [t] and [d] in basilectal and low mesolectal varieties.
- /h/ dropping is common in word-initial position in basilectal and mesolectal varieties.
- Aspiration of voiceless stops primarily occurs in accented positions. This feature exhibits variation between speakers and context.
- The /r/ sound is semi-rhotic. It doesn't typically occur at the end of words preceeding a pause. It does, however, occur before consonants within the same word. (e.g. farming, cartoon, etc.).
- The simplification of consonant clusters with (t/d) is common, even when the clusters are followed by vowels or when followed by tense markers.
- Vowel sounds exhibit different realisations in JamC versus SJamE.
- Yod is added after /k/ and /g/ before TRAP and START vowels.
- The <-ing> suffix is simplified in some varieties of JamC.
- The presence or absence of syllabic /l/ affects the articulation of preceding alveolar stops (/t/ and /d/), sometimes leading to a velarisation.
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Description
Explore the fascinating continuum of Jamaican dialects, from basilectal Creole to Standard Jamaican English. This quiz delves into the socio-economic influences on language use and the evolution of Creole from pidgins. Test your understanding of Jamaican Creole, commonly known as Patwa.
