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Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of a neuron?
What type of neuron is responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli?
What is the function of myelin?
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
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What is the basic building block of the brain and central nervous system?
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Study Notes
- Neurons are specialized cells that transmit chemical and electrical signals in the brain.
- The primary components of a neuron are the soma (cell body), the axon (a long, slender projection), dendrites (tree-like structures), and synapses (specialized junctions between neurons).
- Some axons are covered with myelin, a fatty material that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed up the process of communication.
- Sensory neurons are neurons responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli.
- Motor neurons are neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS) and project their axons outside of the CNS to directly or indirectly control muscles.
- Interneurons act as the "middle men" between sensory and motor neurons, which convert external stimuli to internal stimuli and control muscle movement.
- Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide structure and support to neurons.
- Synapses are the junctions between the neuron's terminal and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass.
- Myelin is a white, fatty material composed of lipids and lipoproteins that surrounds the axons of nerves and facilitates swift communication.
- Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath where the signal is recharged as it moves along the axon.
- The neuron is the basic building block of the brain and central nervous system.
- than an actual structure.
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Description
Test your knowledge about neurons and their components with this quiz. Learn about the soma, axon, dendrites, synapses, myelin, and the function of sensory, motor, and interneurons.
