Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Function Quiz

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What is the primary function of bacterial cell walls?

Act as a barrier against viruses

Facilitate cell movement

Store excess nutrients

Prevent cells from bursting due to osmotic pressure (correct)

Which type of bacteria has a thick cell wall and no outer membrane?

Gram-positive bacteria (correct)

Eukarya

Gram-negative bacteria

Archaea

What is the main component of bacterial cell walls?

Cellulose

Peptidoglycan (correct)

Chitin

Lipopolysaccharide

What forms the lattice-like structure of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?

Chains of glycans linked together by peptide bridges Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage connects the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc, NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc, NAM) in the peptidoglycan chains?

β(1,4) linkage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids are found in the peptidoglycan chains of bacteria?

D-isomers Signup and view all the answers

What provides additional strength to the Gram-negative bacterial envelope?

Outer membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls?

Peptidoglycan layer Signup and view all the answers

What function do teichoic acids serve in Gram-positive cell walls?

Trap divalent metal ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of wall-associated proteins in Gram-positive bacteria?

Cell adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gram staining characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

Stain purple Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic Gram staining of Gram-negative bacteria?

Stain pink Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria lack cell walls?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of teichoic acids in Gram-positive cell walls?

Provide cell strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cell wall in Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Lack of cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Peptidoglycan layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of behavioral neuroscience?

Studying the relationship between behavior and the body, specifically the brain Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1990s in the field of neuroscience?

It was deemed the 'Decade of the Brain' and marked a period of intense research and awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is the mind-brain problem concerned with?

The nature of the mind and its relationship to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the view of materialistic monism?

The mind and body consist of the same substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism proposed by the Physical Model of Behavior?

How something works Signup and view all the answers

What did Hermann von Heimholtz demonstrate about nerves?

They do not behave like conducting wires Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'localization' refer to in the context of the brain?

Specific areas of the brain carry out specific functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the ongoing debate about in psychology regarding nature and nurture?

The importance of heredity relative to environmental influences in shaping behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Genome Project aim to map?

The location of all the genes on the human chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the variation in a characteristic attributed to genetic factors called?

Heritability Signup and view all the answers

What is the observable characteristic referred to as?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'genome' refer to?

All the genes in our chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fertilized egg undergoing rapid cell division and development?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'polygenic' refer to?

Characteristics determined by several genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the translation of encoded genetic information into the production of proteins referred to as?

Gene expression Signup and view all the answers