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Questions and Answers

If y is a function of x and $\log(x + y) = 2xy$, what is the value of $y'(0)$?

0

Evaluate the integral: $\int \cos^3(x) dx$

$\frac{1}{12} \sin^3(x) + \frac{3}{4} \sin(x) + c$

Solve the following differential equation: $\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{x}{\log(x) \cdot t}$

$x = e^{ct}$

A random variable X has the probability mass function $P(X = x) = {4 \choose x} (\frac{5}{9})^x (\frac{4}{9})^{4-x}$, for $x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4$. What is the expected value $E(X)$?

<p>$\frac{20}{9}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the joint equation of the coordinate axes?

<p>$xy = 0$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find $dy/dx$ if $x = at^2$ and $y = 2at$.

<p>$1/t$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the area of the region enclosed between the curves $y^2 = 4ax$ and $x^2 = 4ay$.

<p>$\frac{16a^2}{3}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the particular solution of the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} + y = e^{-x}$, given that $y = 0$ when $x = 0$.

<p>$y = xe^{-x}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the values of $x$ for which the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & x & 1 \ x & 1 & 1 \ 1 & 1 & x \end{bmatrix}$ is singular.

<p>The matrix $A$ is singular when its determinant is zero. So calculate the determinant, set it equal to zero, and solve for $x$. The solutions are $x = 1$ and $x = -2$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the equation of the plane that passes through the point $(1, 2, 3)$ and is perpendicular to the line with direction ratios 2, -1, and 1.

<p>The equation of the plane is $2(x - 1) - (y - 2) + (z - 3) = 0$, which simplifies to $2x - y + z = 3$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate $\int_{0}^{\pi/2} \sin^2(x) \cos^3(x) , dx$.

<p>$\frac{2}{15}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y$ with the initial condition $y(0) = 1$, use Euler's method with a step size of $h = 0.1$ to approximate $y(0.2)$.

<p>First iteration: $y_1 = y_0 + h(x_0 + y_0) = 1 + 0.1(0 + 1) = 1.1$. Second iteration: $y_2 = y_1 + h(x_1 + y_1) = 1.1 + 0.1(0.1 + 1.1) = 1.22$. Therefore, $y(0.2) \approx 1.22$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fair coin is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of getting at least two heads?

<p>The probability is $\frac{1}{2}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the general solution of the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} + 2y = e^{-x}$.

<p>The general solution is $y = e^{-x} + ce^{-2x}$, where $c$ is an arbitrary constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the angle between the vectors $\vec{a} = 2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ and $\vec{b} = \hat{i} + \hat{j} - 2\hat{k}$.

<p>The angle $\theta$ between the vectors is $\theta = \cos^{-1}\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}}\right)$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A manufacturer produces two products, A and B. Each product requires processing time on two machines: Machine 1 and Machine 2. Product A requires 1 hour on Machine 1 and 2 hours on Machine 2. Product B requires 3 hours on Machine 1 and 1 hour on Machine 2. Machine 1 is available for a maximum of 9 hours, and Machine 2 is available for a maximum of 8 hours. If the profit per unit of A is $4 and per unit of B is $5, formulate this as a linear programming problem to maximize profit.

<p>Maximize $z = 4x + 5y$ subject to $x + 3y \le 9$, $2x + y \le 8$, $x \ge 0$, and $y \ge 0$, where $x$ is the number of units of product A and $y$ is the number of units of product B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean of numbers randomly selected from 1 to 15?

<p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve $y = x^2$ and the line $y = 4$.

<p>$ rac{32}{3}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the general solution of $\sin \theta + \sin 3\theta + \sin 5\theta = 0$.

<p>$\theta = \frac{n\pi}{3}$ or $\theta = n\pi + \frac{\pi}{2}$ where n is an integer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $-1 \leq x \leq 1$, then prove that $\sin^{-1} x + \cos^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{2}$.

<p>Let $\sin^{-1} x = y$, so $x = \sin y = \cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - y)$. Therefore, $\cos^{-1} x = \frac{\pi}{2} - y$, and $\sin^{-1} x + \cos^{-1} x = y + \frac{\pi}{2} - y = \frac{\pi}{2}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the direction ratios of a vector perpendicular to two lines whose direction ratios are -2, 1, -1 and -3, -4, 1.

<p>The direction ratios are -3, 5, 11.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the shortest distance between the lines $\frac{x-1}{2} = \frac{y-2}{3} = \frac{z-3}{4}$ and $\frac{x-2}{3} = \frac{y-4}{4} = \frac{z-5}{5}$.

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $y = \sqrt{\tan x + \sqrt{\tan x + \sqrt{\tan x + ... + \infty}}}$, then show that $\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sec^2 x}{2y - 1}$. Find $\frac{dy}{dx}$ at $x = 0$.

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate $\int x \tan^{-1} x dx$

<p>$\frac{1}{2}x^2 \tan^{-1}x - \frac{1}{2} \tan^{-1}x + C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the vector $\vec{u} = 2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k}$, find the value of c that satisfies the equation $c \vec{u} = 3\hat{k}$.

<p>c = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the integral of cotangent x with respect to x: $\int cot(x) dx$?

<p>ln|sinx| + C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the degree of the following differential equation? $e^{\frac{dy}{dx}} + \frac{dy}{dx} = x$

<p>The degree is not defined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the statement "If x < y then $x^2 < y^2$", write its inverse and contrapositive.

<p>Inverse: If x ≥ y then $x^2 ≥ y^2$. Contrapositive: If $x^2 ≥ y^2$ then x ≥ y.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} x & 0 & 0 \ 0 & y & 0 \ 0 & 0 & z \end{bmatrix}$, where A is non-singular, determine $A^{-1}$ using elementary row transformations. Hence, give the inverse of the specific matrix $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 1 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$.

<p>$A^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix} 1/x &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \ 0 &amp; 1/y &amp; 0 \ 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1/z \end{bmatrix}$. The inverse of the second matrix is $\begin{bmatrix} 1/2 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \ 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \ 0 &amp; 0 &amp; -1 \end{bmatrix}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the Cartesian coordinates of the point whose polar coordinates are $\left(2, \frac{\pi}{4}\right)$.

<p>($\sqrt{2}$, $\sqrt{2}$)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0$ represents a pair of lines and $h^2 = ab \neq 0$, find the ratio of their slopes.

<p>Let $m_1$ and $m_2$ be the slopes. Then $m_1 + m_2 = -2h/b$ and $m_1m_2 = a/b$. Find $m_1$ and $m_2$ and take their ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $\vec{a}$, $\vec{b}$, $\vec{c}$ are the position vectors of points A, B, C respectively, and $5\vec{a} + 3\vec{b} - 8\vec{c} = 0$, find the ratio in which point C divides the line segment AB.

<p>5:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solve the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = e^{2y} \cos x$ with the initial condition $x = \frac{\pi}{6}$, $y = 0$.

<p>$\frac{-1}{2e^{2y}} = \sin x - \frac{1}{2}$ or $e^{2y} = \frac{1}{1 - 2\sin x}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the probability density function $f(x) = \frac{x+2}{18}$ for $-2 < x < 4$ and $0$ otherwise, find $P(|X| < 1)$.

<p>$\frac{1}{27}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

A die is thrown 6 times. If ‘getting an odd number’ is a success, what is the probability of at least 5 successes?

<p>$\frac{7}{64}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Simplify the logic circuit with switches $S_1$ and $S_2$ connected in the configuration $((S_1 \land S_2') \lor (S_1' \land S_2))$.

<p>$S_1 \oplus S_2$ (XOR operation). The circuit represents an exclusive OR operation, which is true only when exactly one of the inputs is true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$, verify that $A(\text{adj }A) = (\text{adj }A)A = |A|I$, where $I$ is the identity matrix.

<p>Calculate adj $A = \begin{bmatrix} 4 &amp; -2 \ -3 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}$, $|A| = -2$, and then compute the matrix products to verify the equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prove that volume of a tetrahedron with coterminus edges $\vec{a}$, $\vec{b}$ and $\vec{c}$ is $\frac{1}{6} |[\vec{a} \ \vec{b} \ \vec{c}]|$.

<p>The volume of a parallelepiped formed by vectors a, b, and c is given by the scalar triple product $|[a b c]|$. The volume of a tetrahedron is one-sixth of the volume of the parallelepiped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point $P(3, 2, 1)$ to the line given by $\vec{r} = (7\hat{i} + 7\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}) + \lambda(-2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k})$.

<p>$\sqrt{14}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $y = \cos(m \cos^{-1} x)$, then show that $(1 - x^2)\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} - x\frac{dy}{dx} + m^2y = 0$.

<p>Differentiate $y$ twice with respect to $x$ using the chain rule, and then substitute into the given equation to verify it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Truth values of p and q when p ∧ q is F and p ∨ q is F

Logical AND and OR are both false

Angle B in triangle ABC if c² + a² - b² = ac

π/3 (60 degrees)

Area of triangle with vertices (1, 2, 0), (1, 0, 2) and (0, 3, 1)

√6

Point of minimum z = 3x + 2y with corner points (0, 10), (2, 2) and (4, 0)

(4, 0)

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What is (2, 2)?

A point with equal x and y coordinates.

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What is y'(0) when log(x + y) = 2xy?

Given log(x + y) = 2xy, y'(0) represents the derivative of y with respect to x, evaluated at x = 0.

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What is ∫cos³(x) dx?

The integral of cos^3(x) dx.

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What is a differential equation?

A differential equation relates a function with its derivatives.

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What is dx/(x log x) = dt/t?

A differential equation of the form dx/(x log x) = dt/t.

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What is E(X)?

E(X) is the expected value (mean) of a random variable X.

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What is PMF?

Probability mass function of a discrete random variable.

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What is the joint equation of coordinate axes?

The joint equation of the coordinate axes is xy = 0, representing all points where either x or y is zero.

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Solve for 'c' in c u = 3

Values of 'c' that satisfy the equation when dotted with vector u equals 3.

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Integral of cot(x)

∫ cot(x) dx = ln|sin(x)| + C

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Degree of a differential equation

The highest order derivative in the equation raised to its power.

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Inverse and Contrapositive

Inverse: If x² < y² then x < y. Contrapositive: If x² ≥ y² then x ≥ y.

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Finding A⁻¹ by row operations

A⁻¹ = adj(A) / det(A); Use row operations to transform A into I to find A⁻¹.

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Polar to Cartesian Coordinates

Cartesian coordinates (x, y) are found using x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ.

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Ratio of slopes

m1/m2

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Ratio of point C

C divides AB in the ratio 3:5

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Mean of numbers 1 to 15

The average of all numbers from 1 to 15. Sum of numbers divided by the total count.

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Area bounded by y=x² and y=4

Area equals 32/3. Find intersection points and integrate the difference between the line and curve.

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General solution of sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ = 0

General solution: θ = nπ/3 or θ = (2n+1)π/2, where n is an integer. Use trigonometric identities to simplify.

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sin⁻¹x + cos⁻¹x identity (if -1 ≤ x ≤ 1)

sin⁻¹x + cos⁻¹x = π/2 holds true for -1 ≤ x ≤ 1. It's based on the complementary angle relationship in a right triangle.

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tan θ formula for angle between lines

tan θ = |(2√(h² - ab))/(a+b)|. It represents the acute angle between lines represented by a quadratic equation.

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Direction ratios of perpendicular vector

Direction ratios: (2, -1, -10). Calculated using the cross product of the given direction ratios.

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Shortest distance between two lines

The shortest distance = 1/√(2) . Use the formula for shortest distance between skew lines.

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Derivative of y = √tan x + √tan x + ...

dy/dx = sec²x / (2y-1); at x=0, dy/dx = 1/ (2y(0)-1); y(0) = √tan(0)+√... = 0; at x=0, dy/dx = -1

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Particular Solution

A solution to a differential equation that satisfies given initial conditions. It removes the arbitrary constant found in the general solution.

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Probability and PDF

The area under the curve of the probability density function (pdf) between two points represents the probability of the random variable falling within that interval.

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P(|X| < 1) meaning

P(|X| < 1) refers to the probability that the absolute value of the random variable X is less than 1 which means X is between -1 and 1.

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Probability of 'at least'

In probability, 'at least 5 successes' means 5 successes OR 6 successes. Calculate each probability separately and then add them.

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Circuit Simplification

Logical expressions can be simplified using Boolean algebra rules (e.g., DeMorgan's Laws, distribution, etc.) to create an equivalent but simpler circuit.

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A(adj A) = |A|I

A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|I means multiplying a matrix by its adjugate (or classical adjoint), is equal to the determinant of A times the identity matrix.

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Tetrahedron Volume Formula

The volume of a tetrahedron formed by three coterminous edges (vectors) is one-sixth the scalar triple product of those vectors.

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Point to Line Distance

The length of the perpendicular from a point to a line is the shortest distance between the point and any point on the line. It can be found using vector projection or a distance formula derived from vector equations.

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Study Notes

  • The question paper is divided into four sections.
  • Section A has 8 multiple-choice questions, each worth 2 marks.
  • Section B has 4 questions that require very short answers, each worth 1 mark.
  • Section C contains 12 short answer type questions, attempt any 8, each worth 2 marks.
  • Section D contains 8 long answer type questions, attempt any 5, each worth 4 marks.
  • Log tables can be used.
  • Calculators are not allowed.
  • Graph paper is not needed.
  • Give the correct answer and the alphabet for multiple choice questions; otherwise, no points are awarded if only the answer or alphabet is written.
  • Start each section on a new page.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

  • If p ∧ q is false and p → q is false, then the truth values of p and q are T and F, respectively.
  • In triangle ABC, if c² + a² – b² = ac, then angle B = π/3.
  • The area of the triangle with vertices (1, 2, 0), (1, 0, 2), and (0, 3, 1) is √6 square units.
  • If the corner points of the feasible solution are (0, 10), (2, 2), and (4, 0), the minimum value of z = 3x + 2y occurs at (4, 0).
  • If log(x + y) = 2xy, then y'(0) = 1.
  • The integral of cos³(x) dx is (1/12)sin(3x) + (3/4)sin(x) + c.
  • The solution to the differential equation dx/dt = x*log(x) is x = e^(ct).
  • For a random variable X where P(X = x) = ⁴Cₓ * (¾)ˣ * (¼)^(4-x), the expected value E(X) is 9/4.

Section B

  • The joint equation of co-ordinate axes is xy = 0.
  • The values of c which satisfy |cu| = 3, where u = i + 2j + 3k, are c = ±3/√14.

Conditional Statements

  • The inverse of "If x < y, then x² < y²" is "If x ≥ y, then x² ≥ y²."
  • The contrapositive is "If x² ≥ y², then x ≥ y."

Matrix Inverses

  • For a non-singular matrix A, A⁻¹ can be found using elementary row transformations.
  • If A = [[2, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]], its inverse is A⁻¹ = [[½, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, -1]].

Coordinate Conversion

  • The Cartesian coordinates of the point with polar coordinates (√2, π/4) are (1, 1).

Pair of Lines

  • If ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 represents a pair of lines and h² > ab, the ratio of their slopes m1 and m2 satisfy the equation: m1+m2 = -2h/b and m1m2 = a/b

Vectors

  • If 5a + 3b - 8c = 0, point C divides line segment AB in the ratio 3:5.

Linear Programming

  • To solve the inequalities 2x + 3y ≤ 6, x + y ≥ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 graphically, identify the feasible region by plotting the inequalities on a graph. The corner points are (2,0), (3,0), (0,2), (0,6).

Increasing Functions

  • To show f(x) = x² + 10x + 7 is strictly increasing for x ∈ R, prove f'(x) > 0.

Integrals

  • The definite integral of √(1 - cos(4x)) from 0 to 2 is 2√2.

Area Under a Curve

  • The bounded by y² = 4x, the X-axis, x = 1, and x = 4 = 8/3.

Differential Equations

  • Solve the differential equation cos(x)cos(y)dy - sin(x)sin(y)dx = 0 by separation of variables.

Statistics

  • The mean of numbers randomly selected from 1 to 15 is 8.

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