Biochemistry

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Questions and Answers

What property characterizes gases?

They assume the shape of their container and have a definite volume.

They neither have a definite shape nor volume. (correct)

They have a definite shape and volume.

They are solid and rigid.

What is the definition of a molecule?

A single atom with a positive charge.

An ion that has gained or lost electrons.

Two or more atoms that share electrons. (correct)

A substance composed of only one type of atom.

What is the charge of electrons?

Neutral.

Positive.

Negative. (correct)

Variable.

Which of the following best defines an ion?

An atom that has a positive or negative charge. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cation from an anion?

Cations are formed from the loss of electrons, whereas anions are formed from the gain of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is an example of a covalent bond?

Water (H2O). Signup and view all the answers

What is an electrolyte?

An ionic compound that breaks into ions in solution. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily regulates the loss of body water and solutes during exercise?

Urinary loss Signup and view all the answers

Which two ions are the main contributors to osmolarity in extracellular fluid?

Sodium and chloride Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma levels of Na+ and Cl- when there is increased dietary intake of NaCl?

They increase significantly Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT involved in regulating renal Na+ and Cl- reabsorption?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

When blood volume increases after fluid intake, what hormone is released in response?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Signup and view all the answers

What role does angiotensin II play when the body is dehydrated?

It promotes urinary reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- Signup and view all the answers

During dehydration, what is the effect of aldosterone on kidney function?

It enhances sodium and chloride reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

In response to increased blood volume, what effect does ANP have on urine production?

It increases natriuresis and urine output Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mEq/liter and mmol/liter for ions with a single charge?

mEq/liter equals mmol/liter Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?

Sodium (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when the blood plasma concentration of Na+ drops below 135 mEq/liter?

Hyponatremia Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the osmotic pressure exerted by blood plasma?

Protein anions in contrast to interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on Na+ levels?

It increases Na+ excretion by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions have two positive or negative charges?

Calcium (Ca2+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing renal reabsorption of Na+?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of pouring reagents back into stock bottles?

It introduces impurities that can spoil future experiments. Signup and view all the answers

Why should unauthorized experiments be avoided in the laboratory?

The risk of an accident increases with unchecked experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What type of footwear is recommended in the laboratory?

Steel-toed boots Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a minor injury occurs in the lab?

Report it to the laboratory instructor immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken regarding food in the laboratory?

Food should never be consumed due to contamination risks. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advisable to wear a laboratory gown in the lab?

It helps to keep clothing clean in case of spills. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you have long hair while working in the lab?

Tie it back to prevent accidents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of familiarizing oneself with laboratory equipment?

To minimize or avoid accidents during experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to check the odor of a substance?

Waft the vapors toward your nose with your hand. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with broken glassware?

Put it in a container specifically designated for broken glassware. Signup and view all the answers

How should strong inorganic acids and bases be disposed of?

By neutralizing and diluting them with water before disposal. Signup and view all the answers

What type of waste can be disposed of in an ordinary waste basket?

Nonhazardous solids such as paper and plastics. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if someone is using flammable solvents nearby?

Move to a safer location before igniting your flame. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key safety precaution regarding extra reagents?

Never pour extra reagents back into a stock bottle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to safely start a gas burner?

Ensure the bottom of the cardboard is on the barrel Signup and view all the answers

How should organic solvents be disposed of?

Place them in the appropriate waste containers. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause back flashing when using a gas burner?

Excessive air being admitted Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with heavy metal ions like mercury?

Dispose of them in specifically designated waste containers. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do immediately after experiencing back flashing?

Turn off the gas supply and cool the burner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is NOT listed as essential for common laboratory operations?

Safety goggles Signup and view all the answers

When transferring liquids using a stirring rod, how should the rod be positioned?

Against the lip of the container Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be familiar with laboratory techniques in biochemistry?

To ensure accurate results and safety in procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the risks associated with back flashing?

Severe burns from touching the burner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct method to pour liquid using a stirring rod?

Pour down the rod so it touches the inside wall of the receiving vessel Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course Code: NBICHM1, NBICHL1
Course Title: Microbiology for Nurses
Prepared by: Vivien Rios, MAN, RN, RM; Elton John Delos Santos MAN, MaEd, RN; Genesis N. Dela Cruz, MAN, RN; Richard S. Rosalin, RN; Bryan C. Robles, MSN, RN
Learning Module: Self-regulated

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