ANS final

<p>It contributes to increased levels of triglycerides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing while drinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native Hawaiians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing calorie and protein intake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetable oils and fish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow the body to adjust to high glucose concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients' tolerance and response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent sticking and irritation to the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Document the finding and notify the RN or provider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis from infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used for short-term nutritional support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notify the healthcare provider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head of bed at 30 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor lab work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Look for white precipitations in the tubing, stop infusion, and flush the line. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 to 250 mL/hour. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hang a new bag. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat and manage disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clear liquid diet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coffee. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid overload leading to CHF. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control fluid volume for pediatric patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with paralysis of the arms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scrub the hub with a sterile alcohol swab (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess patient's weight gain and blood sugar levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parallel or Y-tubing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full liquid diet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop infusion immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managing maternal weight gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased financial resources for food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutritional counseling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-calorie, high-carb diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improper weight management during pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood in output due to vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to symptoms of heart failure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are at risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Report it immediately to a supervisor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dosages should be based on age, size, and weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accommodate for their limited vision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Financial issues or experiencing side effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular blood pressure assessments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing ability and pocketing of medication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medication errors can lead to an elevated risk of death. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents provide comfort and ensure the child understands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High probability of GI bleeding or anemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.1 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schedule I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use circular motion from center outward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sublingual tablets (B), Enteric-coated tablets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent contamination of medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Have one nurse double check the order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop and investigate the patient's concerns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassess pain levels after 20-30 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check for compatibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 2 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restlessness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased total body water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange of CO2 and O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may decrease effectiveness of sleep medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased elastic recoil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Never left in public areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove air or fluid from the pleural cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medicate the patient for pain management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubbling in the drainage system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply an occlusive Vaseline-based dressing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired concentration and memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NREM Stage 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of respiratory complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improve adult evaluations for sleep apnea symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relieve airway obstructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of vocal cord damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterile or aseptic technique depending on the situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suction the tracheostomy tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a high-fowlers position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A harmonic-like sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a secure airway for breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somnolence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baseline vitals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notify the healthcare provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid drinking alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstructed airway by the tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After 1-2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raise side rails and keep call light in reach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huff coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhythmic clapping over thoracic area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meeting oxygen needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat emboli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal Cannula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires high flow rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizes a reservoir bag (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two-way pressure support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pursed breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venturi Mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor flow rates closely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adopting a diet low in sodium and high in fruits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping blood glucose levels between 70-120 mg/dl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased calorie and protein intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High sodium intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spread out over multiple meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing while drinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorrect administration can be fatal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air embolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea and crackles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately stop the infusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and chills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor vital signs and notify a healthcare provider. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid output and vital signs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Call for help and position the patient properly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent aspiration and determine feeding tolerance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop the infusion immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient with malnutrition but some oral intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notify the provider and maintain strict aseptic technique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis due to bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TPN should be started slowly and increased gradually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Draw a pen circle around the drainage on the dressing. (A), Change the dressing immediately and notify the MD. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For open or fresh surgical wounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packing dressing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist hot application. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 4-6 hours. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White precipitations in the tubing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate of the infusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When bowel sounds return (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 to 250 mL/hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hang a new bag of IV fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full liquid diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relieve pressure on other sutures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive drain (Penrose) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorbable sutures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply a large sterile dressing soaked in normal saline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold the wound edges together and promote healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a seal and does not require a dressing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empty it to ensure proper suction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>confirming the diet on the tray with the diet sheet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Building up of fatty deposits in blood vessel walls that can lead to heart problems.

Good cholesterol; helps remove fatty deposits from blood vessels.

A type of diabetes where the body doesn't use insulin properly or makes insufficient insulin.

Aim to keep blood sugar levels between 70-120 mg/dL.

Weight loss of 10% of body weight, often associated with diarrhea and fever.

Difficulty swallowing, includes coughing while drinking, drooling, food remaining in the mouth.

Harmful fats found in fast food, raising triglyceride levels; increasing the risk of diabetes and heart disease.

High blood pressure; often caused by increased sodium intake.

A feeding method where the patient is able to feed themselves.

Provides complete nutrition through a central IV line, used when the gut can't absorb nutrients.

Provides partial nutrition through a peripheral IV, used for short-term support.

Measuring the amount of fluid remaining in the stomach after feeding.

Closely observing patients receiving TPN or PPN for adverse effects or complications

The speed at which TPN is infused. It should be slow and controlled.

Start TPN slowly, wean slowly before stopping. Do NOT increase PPN rates too quickly

Regularly checking the IV insertion site for signs of infection or irritation.

Infections can develop at central line sites. Keep these sites clean.

TPN solutions have high glucose levels. The body needs time to adjust.

Checking the speed at which IV fluids are being infused. This is essential for safe and effective IV therapy.

A diet for patients recovering from surgical procedures involving the stomach or bowel. It is low in fiber and consists of foods softened by cooking, mashing, or chopping.

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as purging (vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise).

Inspecting the area where the IV catheter is inserted for signs of redness, swelling, or pain. Indicates potential complications.

Ensuring the IV line is clear and unobstructed, allowing fluids to flow freely.

A chronic condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that increases the risk of various health problems.

The nutritional status before and during pregnancy significantly impacts the health of both the mother and the fetus.

When too much fluid is given intravenously, putting strain on the heart and potentially leading to heart failure.

Substance abuse negatively impacts food intake by decreasing appetite, reducing financial resources for food, and replacing food with substances. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies.

When two medications or solutions react negatively when mixed, causing a cloudy substance to form.

A deficiency of thiamine, vital for energy production, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining the myelin sheath.

A diet consisting of clear liquids, such as broth, juice, and gelatin, often started after surgery when bowel sounds return.

A diet consisting of all liquids, including milk, yogurt, and ice cream, a step between clear liquids and a soft diet.

Symptoms include anorexia, irritability, short-term memory loss, and more severe conditions like loss of sensation in extremities, heart failure, and mental confusion.

A diet of soft, easily digestible foods, suitable after surgeries or for those with chewing difficulties.

A group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels, including heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.

Long-term weight management success rates for individuals with obesity are generally low.

A normal, unrestricted diet, returning to regular eating habits after recovery.

A diet where food is minced into small pieces and moistened, usually after a head or neck surgery.

Prenatal vitamins are crucial during pregnancy to supplement essential nutrients for the developing baby and the mother's health.

Different IV solutions are used for various purposes like reducing edema. Examples include D10W, D5 in 0.9 NS, D5 in 0.45 NS and D5LR.

Different IV tubing types are used for specific situations like primary (main line), secondary/piggyback (medications), parallel (blood) and controlled volume (pediatric safety).

IV tubing needs to be changed regularly, usually every 96 hours, to reduce the risk of infection. Always assess and follow prescribed IV flow rates.

A Y-shaped tubing used to infuse blood products. Always use 0.9 NS (saline) with blood transfusions.

Monitor patients receiving blood for adverse reactions like chest pain, shortness of breath, itching, and back pain. If any reaction occurs, STOP the infusion immediately.

Medication dosages for children are based on their age, size, and weight. Always involve parents in the process.

Older adults require special considerations due to slower metabolism, increased risk of drug interactions, and potential swallowing difficulties. Always assess their swallowing ability and monitor for pocketing of medication.

Older adults have slower metabolism, which means their bodies break down medications more slowly. This can lead to a build-up of medications in the body, increasing the risk of side effects.

Medication errors are a serious concern, often leading to adverse effects for patients. Nurses must report any suspected errors immediately.

Nurses must report any suspected medication errors immediately to their supervisor or the appropriate authority. The individual who discovers or conducts the error must report it.

Older adults often have decreased fluid intake and may be taking medications such as diuretics that increase urine output, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Education is crucial for the patient to understand the importance of their medications, how to take them correctly, and to address any concerns or potential side effects.

Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs, especially in older adults, can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Nurses must monitor for symptoms like dark stools or fatigue.

Fall precautions are essential to prevent injuries in older adults. These include regular assessment, clear pathways, non-slip footwear, and appropriate assistive devices.

Color-coding medications helps older adults with limited vision easily differentiate between different medications, reducing the risk of errors.

The kidneys and liver are responsible for breaking down medications in the body.

Unexpected or harmful effects from medication, especially likely with the first dose of a new drug.

Always have another licensed healthcare professional verify orders for high-risk medications before administration.

Verify the medication three times before administering it: when retrieving, preparing, and before administration.

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike drugs that can be easily confused. Be extra cautious with them.

Two licensed nurses must verify, witness, and document the wasting of narcotics.

Practices used to prevent contamination during medication administration.

The six rights of medication administration ensure the correct medication, dose, route, time, patient, and accurate documentation.

Verify patient identity using two methods: visual name check and verbal confirmation of birthdate.

Orange syringes are specifically designed for administering liquid medications orally.

Giving supplemental oxygen to patients with breathing problems.

A device that adds moisture to oxygen gas, preventing drying of the nose and respiratory tract.

A thin tube placed in the nostrils to deliver low-flow oxygen.

A mask covering the nose and mouth, delivering low to medium flow oxygen.

A mask with a reservoir bag for high-flow oxygen, preventing rebreathing of carbon dioxide.

A mask with a precise oxygen concentration, delivering medium to high flow.

A mask with a one-way valve that delivers the highest oxygen concentration.

Lung disease that makes it hard to exhale air due to inflammation, mucus, and loss of lung elasticity.

Decreased oxygen in the bloodstream, leading to a lack of oxygen for cells.

A condition where cells don't receive enough oxygen to function properly.

Complete lack of oxygen, causing cell death.

Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

The body's inability to meet its oxygen needs or remove excess CO2.

A technique to clear an obstructed airway by applying pressure to the abdomen.

A deep breath followed by a short, forcible exhale, helpful in clearing airway secretions.

A technique to drain different lung segments by positioning the body.

A physical characteristic where the chest is wider than usual, often seen in patients with emphysema due to air trapping in the lungs.

Providing information and guidance to patients to help them quit smoking, a crucial step in managing COPD.

The specific way to use an MDI, involving shaking, exhaling, inhaling slowly, and holding breath for 10 seconds.

A tube inserted into the trachea to maintain an airway when a patient cannot ventilate on their own or is unconscious.

Regular cleaning and maintenance of a tracheostomy opening, including cleaning the inner cannula and changing ties.

A guide inserted to assist in placing the tracheostomy tube and removed once the tube is in place.

Removing secretions from the airway using a suction catheter to maintain a patent airway.

Flexible tubes inserted to drain blood, fluid, or air from the chest cavity.

Common side effects of non-benzodiazepines like eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem include headache, somnolence, taste changes, chest pain, migraine, edema, dizziness, rebound insomnia, nausea, drowsiness, and memory loss.

Non-benzodiazepines like eszopiclone and zaleplon should not be consumed with high-fat meals because it delays the medication's action and effectiveness.

Older adults might need smaller doses of hypnotics due to their slower metabolism and increased sensitivity to medications.

Before administering hypnotics, vital signs, level of consciousness, pain level, and a safe environment should be assessed. Ensure the patient understands the potential for drowsiness and impaired memory.

Maintain a safe environment for patients on hypnotics by raising side rails, placing the call light within reach, and assisting with ambulation. Educate them to stay in bed and call for help.

Monitor for drug hangovers, such as drowsiness and headache, after hypnotic administration. Report any concerns to the healthcare provider.

Before administering hypnotics, assess respiratory rate, depth, and quality. Reevaluate 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.

Call the healthcare provider if the patient cannot sleep, wakes up multiple times, or experiences adverse reactions to the medication.

Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) takes place. This is where the body gets its oxygen and releases waste gases.

As we age, our lungs lose elasticity, making it harder to breathe in and out. The air sacs also thicken, reducing the efficiency of gas exchange. This can lead to shortness of breath and increased risk of pneumonia.

Hypoxia means a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues. Signs include confusion, restlessness, increased heart rate, and shortness of breath.

Opioids are highly addictive medications that can cause respiratory depression, slowing down breathing and potentially leading to death.

Older adults have less body water, leading to thicker mucus in their airways. This makes it difficult to cough up secretions and increases their risk for pneumonia.

The diaphragm is the major muscle that helps us breathe. It contracts and moves downward when we breathe in (inspiration), creating space in the chest cavity. When it relaxes and moves upward, the air is forced out (expiration).

Opioids can cause severe side effects like respiratory depression and dependence. Education helps patients understand the risks and take precautions to stay safe.

Medications, especially controlled substances, can be misused or stolen. Leaving them unattended increases risks and could lead to potential harm.

A procedure to remove air or fluid from the space between the lung and chest wall (pleural space).

A collapsed lung caused by air leaking into the pleural space.

A collection of blood in the pleural space.

A device used to help patients take deep breaths after surgery or illness.

A disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep, divided into stages 1-3, gradually deepening sleep.

Rapid Eye Movement sleep, the deepest stage, characterized by vivid dreams and muscle paralysis.

The amount of sleep needed varies by age, with newborns requiring the most.

Potassium MUST be diluted in fluid and given slowly, NEVER as a bolus (unless it's an emergency). Incorrect administration can be fatal.

A life-threatening infection caused by pathogens in the bloodstream. Often linked to IV complications from poor sterile technique.

Occurs when too much fluid enters the body, straining the heart. Common signs include shortness of breath, lung crackles, and swelling.

A dangerous situation where a piece of a catheter or blood clot travels through the bloodstream, potentially blocking blood flow.

Occurs when fluids are infused too quickly, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure and potential heart problems.

Older adults are more susceptible to fluid overload, so monitor them closely. Reduce IV drip rates, optimize lung expansion, and consider diuretics.

A build-up of fatty deposits (plaque) inside the blood vessel walls, narrowing the passage and obstructing blood flow.

High-Density Lipoprotein, also known as 'good cholesterol', helps remove fatty deposits from blood vessels.

Low-Density Lipoprotein, also known as 'bad cholesterol', contributes to fatty deposit build-up in blood vessels.

Very-Low Density Lipoprotein carries triglycerides in the blood, a type of fat linked to Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

High sodium intake leads to fluid retention, putting extra strain on the heart and increasing blood pressure.

Manage blood sugar levels to prevent complications, by adjusting diet, exercise, and medication.

Difficulty swallowing, showing signs like coughing while drinking, drooling, and food remaining in the mouth (pocketing).

A significant weight loss (10% of body weight), often associated with diarrhea, fever, and muscle wasting due to infections and loss of appetite.

A wound that has split open, exposing internal organs. This is a serious medical emergency.

Place a large, sterile dressing over the exposed organs, soak it in sterile saline, and notify the surgeon immediately.

A type of drain that relies on gravity and capillary action to remove fluid buildup. It has no suction device.

A type of drain that uses a suction device to remove fluid buildup. It requires manual compression to function.

RED: Clean and ready to heal. YELLOW: Requires cleaning and may be shedding dead tissue. BLACK: Needs debridement to remove dead tissue.

Removal of dead or infected tissue to promote healing.

Practices used during wound care and suture removal to prevent infection.

Sutures that help reduce pressure on other sutures and prevent a wound from pulling apart.

Describes the amount and color of fluid draining from a wound. Common types include scant, small, moderate, and large. Color can vary, and presence of odor is important to note.

A comprehensive assessment of the wound includes observing drainage, swelling, odor, pain, approximation (how well the edges meet), warmth, and signs of infection like elevated white blood cell count or malaise.

Sterility is required when touching open or fresh surgical wounds. Non-sterile technique is sufficient for closed wounds.

Packing is used for wounds that need to heal from the inside out, promoting granulation tissue formation. It is NOT used on infected wounds.

Eye irrigations are performed to remove debris or caustic substances from the eye, typically following an injury.