IV Insertion and Fluid Administration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for administering IV fluids in cases of ongoing vomiting or diarrhea?

  • To provide analgesics for pain relief
  • To correct imbalances of fluids and electrolytes (correct)
  • To supply a source of nutrition
  • To diagnose internal bleeding

    • Which of the following antidotes is used to counteract the effects of opioids?

  • Acetylcysteine
  • Protamine sulfate
  • Naloxone (correct)
  • Flumazenil

    • What is a significant clinical problem targeted by hypotonic IV fluids?

  • Dehydrated cells in hyperglycemic conditions (correct)
  • Fluid overload in patients with chronic kidney disease
  • Dilutional hyponatremia in heart failure
  • Increased intracranial pressure from trauma

    • Which of the following IV fluids is considered hypotonic?

    <p>0.45% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if hypotonic fluids are administered to a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Development of cerebral swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions should prompt the avoidance of selecting veins for IV insertion?

    <p>Dialysis shunts or AV fistulas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate technique for preparing the skin for IV insertion?

    <p>Using chlorhexidine or alcohol with a gentle wiping motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using isotonic IV fluids?

    <p>To expand intravascular volume and treat hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the 'Red Man Syndrome' from other adverse reactions during IV medication administration?

    <p>It presents with a rash primarily on the face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intravenous fluid is commonly administered to treat hypovolemia?

    <p>0.9% Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored before, during, and after medication administration through IV push?

    <p>Signs of adverse reactions and the patient’s response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a suspected infection at the IV insertion site, which type of medication is most likely indicated?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate intervention if an adverse reaction occurs during IV medication administration?

    <p>Support the airway and administer oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antiviral medications like acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus?

    <p>To inhibit viral DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms should prompt a client to contact their healthcare provider while on antiviral medication?

    <p>Persistent nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with antiviral medications for herpes viruses?

    <p>Skin rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for sexual activity for a client experiencing herpes outbreaks?

    <p>Abstain from sexual activity when there are sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In monitoring for therapeutic response to antiviral treatment, which outcome is most indicative of success?

    <p>Reduction in lesions and no symptoms of herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors should be avoided when selecting a site for IV insertion?

    <p>Areas with extensive scarring or burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical information should be given regarding medication administration for clients receiving antiviral therapy?

    <p>Medication should be taken with plenty of water on a regular schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial nursing consideration when caring for a client on antiviral medication?

    <p>Performing a baseline assessment at the onset of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception might a client have about their herpes treatment?

    <p>The treatment will completely cure the herpes virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious potential side effect of antiviral medications?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of hypotonic fluids in relation to cell fluid balance?

    <p>They cause cells to swell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is contraindicated for the use of hypotonic fluids?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would indicate the use of isotonic fluids?

    <p>Restoring fluid balance without changing cell size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical use for hypertonic fluids?

    <p>Reducing cellular edema in critical care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution is categorized correctly as hypotonic?

    <p>0.45% Sodium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can result from rapid infusion of isotonic fluids?

    <p>Fluid overload and edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which situation would you avoid administering hypertonic fluids?

    <p>Treatment for cerebral edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is considered isotonic and commonly used in clinical settings?

    <p>0.9% Normal Saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for a patient experiencing fluid overload?

    <p>Fluid volume excess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do hypotonic fluids have on cells in a hyperglycemic state?

    <p>They promote water retention in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypotonic fluids on cells?

    <p>Cells will swell due to water influx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a hypertonic fluid?

    <p>It has a higher concentration of solutes than the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of valacyclovir?

    <p>It incorporates into viral DNA, halting replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the use of valacyclovir?

    <p>Acute kidney injury and nephrotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious neurological side effect can occur with valacyclovir?

    <p>Agitation and confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nursing consideration when administering valacyclovir?

    <p>Giving the medication without any prior assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of the antiviral medications ending in -clovir?

    <p>Skin rash and pruritus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of infections are treated with guanosine analogs like valacyclovir?

    <p>Herpesvirus infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypertonic solution example is correctly identified?

    <p>3% NaCl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can result from the use of acyclovir and valacyclovir?

    <p>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario requires avoiding IV insertion in specific veins?

    <p>Extremities with recent surgical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time limit for leaving a tourniquet on during IV setup?

    <p>2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cellulitis at an IV insertion site?

    <p>Poor aseptic insertion technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical problem primarily targeted by isotonic fluids?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intravenous fluid would be most appropriate for correcting hypertonic conditions?

    <p>Half Normal Saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which circumstance should a nurse ensure integration of the 9 rights of medication administration?

    <p>Before administering IV push medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate action is necessary if an adverse reaction occurs during IV medication administration?

    <p>Support the airway and give oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of administering hypertonic fluids too rapidly?

    <p>Cellular dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical outcome when hypotonic fluids are administered to a dehydrated cell?

    <p>The cell swells as water moves into it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which clinical scenario would the use of hypotonic fluids be most beneficial?

    <p>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with cellular dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the action of flumazenil, an antidote?

    <p>It inhibits the action of benzodiazepines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential outcome should be closely monitored when administering hypotonic fluids?

    <p>Cellular burst due to osmotic pressure changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When treating opioid overdose, which mechanism does naloxone primarily employ?

    <p>Direct inhibition of opioid receptor binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of administering hypotonic fluids to cells?

    <p>Cells swell as water moves into them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the side effect profile of valacyclovir?

    <p>It can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes hypertonic fluids from hypotonic fluids?

    <p>Hypertonic fluids have more solute concentration than cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of valacyclovir is true?

    <p>Valacyclovir halts viral replication by integrating into viral DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient condition would likely warrant caution when administering hypotonic fluids?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using acyclovir and valacyclovir?

    <p>Development of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended nursing consideration when administering intravenous valacyclovir?

    <p>Administer the drug as a high-dose bolus for rapid effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of hypertonic fluids?

    <p>Patients with kidney disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the statement that best captures an important nursing action when managing multiple IV lines.

    <p>Label each line appropriately to identify the solution infusing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of client education when prescribing antiviral medications for herpes simplex virus?

    <p>Understanding how to manage side effects and when to seek help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct condition related to the precautions for IV insertion?

    <p>Avoiding veins on the side of a mastectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect should be evaluated after administering antiviral medications?

    <p>Absence of lesions and resolution of herpes simplex symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potential side effect is considered serious when administering antiviral medications?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action for antiviral medications like acyclovir?

    <p>Inhibiting viral DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is critical for a patient to understand regarding the use of condoms during herpes outbreaks?

    <p>Condoms should always be used to reduce transmission risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding side effects of antiviral medications in patients undergoing treatment for herpes?

    <p>Common side effects include headache and nausea, which require monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of IV insertion, which factor increases the risk for complications?

    <p>Inserting IV in an extremity with recent infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clients be regularly reminded to do while taking antiviral medications?

    <p>Stay well-hydrated during the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching point is crucial for someone prescribed an antiviral like valacyclovir?

    <p>Adhere to a regular medication schedule with sufficient water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of isotonic fluids in relation to cell function?

    <p>They maintain normal cell size and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which clinical scenario would hypotonic fluids be contraindicated?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do hypertonic fluids have on cells when administered?

    <p>They shrink the cells by pulling water out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one clinical use of isotonic fluids?

    <p>Restoring blood volume and maintaining hydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes hypotonic fluids?

    <p>They promote fluid movement into cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with rapid infusion of isotonic fluids?

    <p>Fluid overload leading to congestive heart failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hypertonic fluids from isotonic and hypotonic fluids?

    <p>They shift fluids from the intracellular space to the intravascular compartment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hypotonic solutions is commonly used in clinical settings?

    <p>0.45% NS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hypertonic fluids often given in ICU settings?

    <p>They require central line access due to high risk of phlebitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition could hypotonic fluids potentially worsen if administered?

    <p>Cerebral edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IV Insertion Procedure

    • Never use veins in an arm with mastectomy, dialysis shunts, AV fistulas, infection signs, extensive scarring, burns, or surgeries. Don't use sites distal to previous punctures.
    • Prepare equipment using strict aseptic technique (alcohol or chlorhexidine) with a tourniquet (6-8 inches above intended site), massage the vein if needed, and apply heat if needed.
    • Connect the IV catheter to the patient using extension tubing and saline lock.
    • Apply tourniquet; palpate the vein, scrubbing the hub; use saline flush to connect the extension tubing; connect the cap to the extension tubing. Explain the removal process.

    IV Fluid Administration

    • Fluids, electrolytes, medications, and nutrients are used to: expand intravascular volume, correct fluid/electrolyte imbalances, compensate for ongoing problems, and provide hydration.
    • Isotonic fluids (0.9% sodium chloride/Normal Saline, Lactated Ringer's) remain within the intravascular compartment; used for hypovolemia and hypotension.
    • Hypotonic fluids (0.45% NS, 0.33% NS, 0.225% NS) pull body water into the cells, increasing cell size, thus used for dehydration.
    • Hypertonic fluids (D5 0.9% NS, D5 0.45% NS, D5 LR, 3% NS, D10w) pull body water out of the cells, reducing cell size; used for cerebral edema & hyponatremia.

    Medication Administration (IV)

    • Nine rights of medication administration must be followed: Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation, right to refuse, right assessment, and right education.
    • Important considerations include: using an infusion pump for IV potassium, and never giving potassium undiluted via IV push.

    Clinical Findings of Cellulitis

    • Cellulitis is inflammation of loose connective tissue surrounding an insertion site, caused by poor aseptic insertion technique. It's treated with antibiotics.
    • A red swollen area outwardly spreads from the insertion site in a diffuse circular pattern .

    IV Therapy Complications

    • Infiltration: Leakage of fluid or medication into surrounding tissue. Signs include swelling, discomfort, burning, cool skin, and blanching, and reduced flow rate.
    • Phlebitis: Vein inflammation, usually caused by chemical irritation (acidic or alkaline solutions) or mechanical trauma from insertion. Signs include pain, redness, tenderness, and warmth around the insertion site.
    • Extravasation: Leakage of vesicant drugs into surrounding tissue causing severe local tissue damage. Signs include blanching, burning, discomfort, cool skin, swelling, blistering, and/or skin sloughing.
    • Air Embolism: Air in vein, likely from unpurged syringe or tubing. Signs include sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and decreased LOC.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the IV insertion procedure and the administration of IV fluids. This quiz covers essential guidelines and practices to ensure safe and effective intravenous therapy. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals.

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