IUGR: Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction

Definition and Classification of IUGR

• IUGR is defined as the failure of the fetus to achieve its genetic growth potential, resulting in a fetus that is small for gestational age (SGA).
• SGA implies that the fetus or neonate is below a certain defined centile of weight or size for a particular gestational age.
• IUGR indicates a pathological process that modifies the intrinsic growth potential of the fetus, reducing its growth rate.
• The terms SGA and IUGR are not synonymous.

Incidence of IUGR

• The incidence of IUGR is around 3% if the 3rd centile or 5% if the 5th centile is chosen.

Etiology of IUGR

• There are many causes of IUGR, which can be grouped into two main categories.

Factors Affecting Intrinsic Growth Potential

• Chromosomal defects, such as trisomy 18 and triploidy.
• Single-gene effects, such as Seckel's syndrome.
• Structural abnormalities, such as renal agenesis and anencephaly.
• Infections, such as cytomegalovirus, rubella, and protozoal infections like toxoplasmosis.

Learn about intra-uterine growth restriction, a condition where a fetus fails to achieve its genetic growth potential. Understand the differences between IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA).