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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of multiplexing in data communication?
What is the primary purpose of multiplexing in data communication?
- To eliminate the need for multiple data links.
- To allow simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single link. (correct)
- To enhance the security of data transmissions.
- To reduce the overall bandwidth of the connected devices.
What role does a multiplexer (MUX) play in a multiplexing system?
What role does a multiplexer (MUX) play in a multiplexing system?
- It combines multiple signals into a single stream. (correct)
- It separates composite signals into individual components.
- It regulates the bandwidth allocation among devices.
- It generates carrier frequencies for the modulated signals.
What is the function of a demultiplexer (DEMUX) in data communication?
What is the function of a demultiplexer (DEMUX) in data communication?
- To manage the bandwidth allocation for sending devices.
- To combine various data streams into one.
- To separate a composite signal back into its original channels. (correct)
- To convert analog signals into digital form.
In Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), what does each signal modulate?
In Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), what does each signal modulate?
How does multiplexing contribute to the efficiency of bandwidth usage?
How does multiplexing contribute to the efficiency of bandwidth usage?
What does the term 'link' specifically refer to in the context of multiplexing?
What does the term 'link' specifically refer to in the context of multiplexing?
What is the minimum required bandwidth for four channels with three guard bands?
What is the minimum required bandwidth for four channels with three guard bands?
How much bandwidth does an individual television channel require?
How much bandwidth does an individual television channel require?
What technology is used to multiplex and demultiplex optical signals in fiber-optic cables?
What technology is used to multiplex and demultiplex optical signals in fiber-optic cables?
What is the primary difference between FDM and WDM?
What is the primary difference between FDM and WDM?
Which of the following correctly describes a feature of Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)?
Which of the following correctly describes a feature of Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)?
What device allows a television to select which channel to receive in a cable system?
What device allows a television to select which channel to receive in a cable system?
What role do prisms play in wavelength-division multiplexing?
What role do prisms play in wavelength-division multiplexing?
What is the approximate bandwidth of a coaxial cable used in cable television?
What is the approximate bandwidth of a coaxial cable used in cable television?
What is the frame rate of the multiplexer when each channel sends data at a rate of 100 bytes/s?
What is the frame rate of the multiplexer when each channel sends data at a rate of 100 bytes/s?
What is the bit rate achieved by the multiplexer when each frame carries 4 bytes?
What is the bit rate achieved by the multiplexer when each frame carries 4 bytes?
What does TDM interleaving allow in the context of data transmission?
What does TDM interleaving allow in the context of data transmission?
What is one drawback of synchronous TDM described in the content?
What is one drawback of synchronous TDM described in the content?
What does synchronous TDM primarily share among input connections?
What does synchronous TDM primarily share among input connections?
What is a challenge when using TDM with input data rates that are not the same?
What is a challenge when using TDM with input data rates that are not the same?
What are the two switches in the TDM interleaving process responsible for?
What are the two switches in the TDM interleaving process responsible for?
In synchronous TDM, what does each input connection occupy?
In synchronous TDM, what does each input connection occupy?
If the data rate of each input connection is 1 kbps, what is the duration of each input unit?
If the data rate of each input connection is 1 kbps, what is the duration of each input unit?
How is the duration of each output time slot calculated if the data rate of the output link is three times faster than the input?
How is the duration of each output time slot calculated if the data rate of the output link is three times faster than the input?
What is the duration of each frame in synchronous TDM when it carries three output time slots?
What is the duration of each frame in synchronous TDM when it carries three output time slots?
If four channels are multiplexed with each sending 100 bytes/s, what is the size of each frame if one byte is multiplexed per channel?
If four channels are multiplexed with each sending 100 bytes/s, what is the size of each frame if one byte is multiplexed per channel?
What does a complete cycle of time slots in synchronous TDM refer to?
What does a complete cycle of time slots in synchronous TDM refer to?
Which characteristic makes synchronous TDM not the most efficient method?
Which characteristic makes synchronous TDM not the most efficient method?
What is the data rate of each source in bits per second?
What is the data rate of each source in bits per second?
What is the duration of each character in seconds?
What is the duration of each character in seconds?
How many frames are sent per second by the link?
How many frames are sent per second by the link?
What is the duration of each frame in seconds?
What is the duration of each frame in seconds?
How many bits are there in each frame before adding the synchronizing bit?
How many bits are there in each frame before adding the synchronizing bit?
What is the data rate of the link in kilobits per second?
What is the data rate of the link in kilobits per second?
How many bits does Channel A contribute to the multiplexed output frame?
How many bits does Channel A contribute to the multiplexed output frame?
Which channel has a bit rate of 200 kbps?
Which channel has a bit rate of 200 kbps?
Study Notes
Multiplexing Overview
- Allows simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link to prevent bandwidth wastage.
- Utilizes multiplexers (MUX) to combine signals into one stream and demultiplexers (DEMUX) to separate the stream back into individual transmissions.
Link and Channel
- A link refers to the physical path, while a channel is a portion of a link that carries transmission between lines.
- A single link can have multiple channels.
Basic Multiplexing Techniques
- Three main techniques: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), and Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM).
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
- An analog technique that uses different carrier frequencies to modulate signals, allowing transmission through a common medium.
- Requires guard bands to prevent overlapping, with a formulated bandwidth requirement for effective transmission.
- Commonly used in cable television and AM/FM radio broadcasting.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
- Applies high-data-rate capabilities of fiber-optic cables, optimizing bandwidth usage.
- Combines narrow bands of light for transmission and separates them at the receiver using prisms, exploiting different frequencies.
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
- A digital multiplexing technique that shares time slots among multiple connections on high-bandwidth links.
- Each data flow is allocated specific time slots for transmission, enhancing efficiency but may lead to empty slots if sources have no data to send.
Synchronous TDM
- Divides each input connection's data into units, with each occupying one time slot.
- Frames group time slots, with the output data rate needing to be n times that of connected inputs.
TDM Example Calculations
- Frame duration equals the duration of input units; for a rate of 1 kbps, input slot = 1 ms, output slot = 1/3 ms, frame = 1 ms.
- For multiple channels sending data, the frame size and bit rate calculations determine overall efficiency.
Efficiency and Interleaving in TDM
- Incorporates interleaving through synchronized switches that open and allow data transmission from sources.
- Handles disparities in data rates through strategies like adjusting time slots or using alternate multiplexing methods.
Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing
- Unlike synchronous TDM, statistical TDM does not reserve fixed slots for each input, resulting in better bandwidth utilization when sources are varied.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of multiplexing in data communication and networking. This chapter delves into techniques that enable simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link. Enhance your understanding of how multiplexers work and their role in efficient bandwidth utilization.
