ITS 201 Miami University Final Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Shahada?

Declaration of faith

How many times a day are Muslims required to pray?

5 times

What does fasting in Islam typically involve?

Breaking fast at night

What percentage of earnings is given as charity in Islam?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What is Hajj?

Pilgrimage to Mecca Signup and view all the answers

What is the Quran?

Written record of Muhammad's revelation Signup and view all the answers

What is Shari'a law?

Legal framework for those living in a legal system based on Islam Signup and view all the answers

What is Taqlid?

Following established answers from theologians and philosophers Signup and view all the answers

What do Salafis believe?

The Quran must be interpreted in the light of Muhammad and the first three generations of Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What is Ijtihad?

Using common sense and adapting to changing times Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk?

Strong leader who seized control of Turkey and established a Western style Nation-State Signup and view all the answers

What role did colonialism play in the Middle East?

Transformed the Middle East through political, economic, and cultural domination Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did colonialism transform the Middle East?

Population explosion, international corporations, exploitation of resources, tensions due to borders, names, and identities Signup and view all the answers

What are regional languages in the context of the Middle East?

Languages that cut across borders, such as Arabic and Farsi Signup and view all the answers

What is Fusha?

Classic literary Arabic of the Quran and medieval literature Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'U.S. lead strikes putting financial squeeze on ISIS' refer to?

ISIS continues to own 60% of Syrian oil Signup and view all the answers

What is the Syrian Conflict related to?

Army launches counter offensive south Aleppo. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Molenbeek' refer to?

Gangster Jihadis. Signup and view all the answers

How many Christians were killed in Al-Qary?

21 Christians. Signup and view all the answers

Which leaders are involved in the Panama Papers?

China's President Signup and view all the answers

How many people were killed during the Nigerian demonstration?

347 people. Signup and view all the answers

How many extra troops did the U.S. send to Iraq to boost the fight against ISIS?

200 deployed. Signup and view all the answers

What happened in Jerusalem related to a bus bombing?

Bus bombing injures 21. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the $700 billion referenced in the context of Saudi threat?

Saudi threat to sell U.S. assets could hurt us, but mostly the Saudis would be hurt. Signup and view all the answers

What are U.S. cyber attacks targeting ISIS intended to do?

Direct a cyber campaign against ISIS to disrupt recruitment Signup and view all the answers

Obama calls a meeting with __________________ about shared challenges.

European Leaders. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Middle East defined as?

Where Europe, Asia, and Africa meet Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Greater Middle East' encompass?

All countries expanding from Western Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Maghreb' refer to?

North Africa and especially Western Africa. Signup and view all the answers

How many Arabic speaking countries form the Arab World?

22 Arabic speaking countries. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Islamic World' refers to the total number of the world's ___________ majority countries.

Muslim. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Muslim World' represents a worldwide community of __________.

Muslims. Signup and view all the answers

What do borders established by European governments result in?

Loss of culture. Signup and view all the answers

What indicators do precolonial maps indicate?

Centers - seats of power and spheres of influence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fertile Crescent known for?

Invention of agriculture leading to the early rise of some of the world's first cities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Qanat' refer to?

Finding underground water source, dig a canal and create a stream. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Shaduf?

A simple device used to get water from higher ground. Signup and view all the answers

What is Public Islam?

A term used to describe diverse invocations of Islam by various community members. Signup and view all the answers

What is Economics?

The social science that studies, describes, models, and makes projections about goods and services. Signup and view all the answers

What does scarcity mean?

Created by having demands, but having limited resources to fulfill them. Signup and view all the answers

Explain opportunity cost using an example.

If Rob chooses the glove over the bat, the opportunity cost is the bat he didn't buy. Signup and view all the answers

What does Economic Nationalism involve?

Policies guided by the protection of natural labor, production, and wealth accumulation. Signup and view all the answers

Match the Core Concepts of Economic Nationalism:

Increase the Wealth and Power of the State = Economic Self-sufficiency and independence Protectionist Policies (Tariffs) = Control over capital Signup and view all the answers

Match the Core Concepts of Liberal Economics:

Laisser-Faire Government = Rationality and Self-interest Supply and Demand = Comparative Advantage and Specialization Free Trade = Signup and view all the answers

What does Liberal Economics advocate?

Views economic interests best served by unregulated markets. Signup and view all the answers

What is specialization?

Where it's less expensive for one country to produce a product than another. Signup and view all the answers

Define comparative advantage.

Ability of a country to produce goods or services at lower margins. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Core Concepts of Marxism?

Focuses on historical materialism and exploitation inherent in capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Laisser-Faire Government?

A consistent commitment to markets with minimal government intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Supply and Demand concept highlight?

Scarcity, trade-offs, and opportunity cost. Signup and view all the answers

What are trade-offs in economic decision making?

Inherent aspects of making choices among competing alternatives. Signup and view all the answers

What do comparative advantage and specialization refer to?

Ability of a country to produce goods with lower margins and less expensive production. Signup and view all the answers

What does control over capital entail?

High quantity of exports, low quantity of imports. Signup and view all the answers

What does historical materialism examine?

Means of production and relations of production. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements in Marxism?

Marxism-Leninism and Social Democracy. Signup and view all the answers

What does protectionist policies apply to?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does Marxism focus on?

The role of labor in economic development. Signup and view all the answers

What does historical materialism link?

Economics, politics, social structure, and ideology. Signup and view all the answers

What are means of production?

Tools, factories, machines, workers, and capital. Signup and view all the answers

What does relations of production refer to?

Social relations formed by how societies produce material lives. Signup and view all the answers

What does social democracy advocate?

Gradual and peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism. Signup and view all the answers

What is microeconomics?

Studies specific market systems on a small scale. Signup and view all the answers

What does macroeconomics focus on?

The entire economy and markets. Signup and view all the answers

What does GDP stand for?

Gross Domestic Product. Signup and view all the answers

What does neoliberalism involve?

A adaptation of liberal economic theory to the world economy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the goals of neoliberalism?

Easing restrictions on trade and maximizing economic efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What does sustainability refer to?

Capacity of a political economic system to meet current and future needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Summit of the Americas?

Meetings held between leaders of the Americas to discuss economic issues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Washington Consensus?

Set of neoliberal policies aimed at instituting free markets. Signup and view all the answers

What does development economics study?

Growth strategies in less developed countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of development economics?

Create an economic environment for healthy and creative lives. Signup and view all the answers

What is W.W. Rostow's theory?

'Stages of Economic Growth' emphasizing sequential nation development. Signup and view all the answers

List the 5 stages of Rostow's Theory.

1.) Traditional Society 2.) Preconditions for take off 3.) Take off 4.) Drive to maturity 5.) Stage of high mass consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What does Wallerstein and Frank's theory advocate?

Government intervention and emphasizing cultural differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is politics?

Authoritative allocation of values and power dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

What is power?

An essential element of politics involving influence between parties. Signup and view all the answers

Name the 5 major fields of political science.

American Politics, Public Admin, Political Theory, Comparative Politics, International Relations. Signup and view all the answers

What are political systems?

Various systems range from communism to fascism. Signup and view all the answers

Name all of the political systems in order: _____________.

Communism, Socialism, Social Democracy, Democracy, Constitutional Monarchy, Monarchy, Authoritarianism, Fascism. Signup and view all the answers

What is communism?

A classless society where everything is owned collectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is socialism?

A transitional system towards full communism with some capitalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is social democracy?

Supports a modified free market and social welfare provisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is democracy?

A system of government where power rests with the people. Signup and view all the answers

What is constitutional monarchy?

Monarch has limited power and parliament runs government affairs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a monarchy?

A system where power is concentrated in hereditary ruling classes. Signup and view all the answers

What does authoritarianism entail?

Similar to monarchy but without hereditary succession. Signup and view all the answers

What is fascism?

A dictatorship under one party led by a single leader. Signup and view all the answers

What are presidential democratic systems characterized by?

Separation of powers between executive and legislative branches. Signup and view all the answers

What defines parliamentary democratic systems?

Executive elected by majority vote of a chosen parliament. Signup and view all the answers

What is Democratic Peace Theory?

Liberal democracies do not engage in conflict with each other. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Muhammad?

The prophet and founder of Islam, known for his messages. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Muslim mean?

All people who submit to God. Signup and view all the answers

How did Muhammad create a community of believers?

Using trade agreements, political alliances, and religious conversion. Signup and view all the answers

What are caliphs?

Successors to Muhammad who defended Muslim communities. Signup and view all the answers

What division emerged from the dispute over the succession to the Caliphate?

Shia (Shiites) & Sunni. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Shia (Shiites)?

Those who follow the biological descendants of Prophet Muhammad. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Sunni?

The majority group that accepted the authority of the Caliph. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hadith?

Collected accounts of sayings and actions of the Prophet and companions. Signup and view all the answers

What is Arkaan?

The Five Pillars of Islam. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

U.S. Military and ISIS

U.S. lead strikes target ISIS finances, disrupting their stability.
ISIS retains 60% of Syrian oil despite financial losses from initial $700 million.
Recent bombings by ISIS signal defiance against U.S. attacks.

Syria Conflict

Syrian army has launched a counter-offensive in southern Aleppo.

Molenbeek

Described as a hotspot for gangster jihadists.

ISIS Attacks

21 Christians killed in the Syrian city of Al-Qary.

Panama Papers

Notable leaders implicated: UK Prime Minister Cameron, FIFA President, China's President.
Notable absentee: Putin, though allies are involved.

Nigerian Killings

347 killed during a demonstration by Shia Muslims, which drew little attention.
Iranian President expressed concern.

U.S. Troop Deployment

Additional 200 troops sent to Iraq, totaling 4,100.
Weapons are provided to Kurdish forces to assist in fighting ISIS.

Jerusalem Incident

Bus bombing injures 21 individuals in Jerusalem.

Saudi-US Relations

Saudi Arabia threatens to sell $700 billion in U.S. assets, impacting both parties but primarily affecting the Saudis.

Cyber Warfare Against ISIS

U.S. conducts cyber attacks to disrupt ISIS communications and recruitment through social media.

European Leaders' Meeting

Meeting called by Obama to discuss shared challenges, particularly regarding Putin's aggressive stance.
Included Chancellor, British PM, Italian PM, and President of France.

Chinese NGO Regulations

New law perceived as a crackdown on rights, allowing government expansion into NGO operations under the guise of national security.

Middle East Geography

The Middle East lies at the convergence of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Arab World Composition

Comprises 22 Arabic-speaking nations across North Africa to Iraq, with a population of 325 million.

Greater Middle East

Includes all nations extending from Western Africa.

Economic Concepts

Economics: Study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods/services.
Scarcity: Limited resources versus unlimited demands create scarcity.
Opportunity Cost: Loss incurred when choosing one option over another.
Economic Nationalism: Focus on protecting local labor and industries.

Political Science Fundamentals

Politics: Authoritative allocation of values; involves power dynamics.
Power: Ability of one party to influence another's actions.

Political Systems Overview

Range from communism (equality and state ownership) to fascism (single-party rule and extreme nationalism).
Types include socialism, social democracy, democracy, and various forms of monarchy.

Islamic Fundamentals

Muhammad: Prophet who unified tribes of Arabia under Islam.
Muslim: Individual who submits to God.
Sunni vs Shia: Division based upon succession to the Caliphate, with Sunnis being the majority.

Islamic Practices

Five Pillars: Shahada (faith declaration), prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
Quran: Written record of Muhammad's revelations.

Legal Interpretation in Islam

Shari'a Law: Framework governing public and private life for Muslims.
Taqlid: Following established theological rulings.
Ijtihad: Encourages adaptation and reasoning within Islamic law.

Impact of Colonialism

Disruption of Middle Eastern societies through European dominance.
Resulted in population changes, resource exploitation, and identity tensions.

Language Diversity

Fusha: Classical Arabic used in literature and Quran.
Languages categorized as regional, national, minority, and elite languages, impacting socio-political dynamics.

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Description

Prepare for your ITS 201 final exam with these flashcards, covering key concepts related to the U.S. financial strategies against ISIS and the ongoing Syria conflict. Understand the implications of military actions and financial dynamics in these contexts for a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.