Questions and Answers
What is the title of the altarpiece created by Bonaventura Berlinghieri in 1235?
St. Francis Altarpiece
Who created the 'Madonna Enthroned' and in what year?
Giotto, 1310
What are the names of the fresco paintings by Giotto found in the Arena Chapel?
The Lamentation of Christ, The Meeting of Joachim and Anna, and the Last Judgement
Which artist created the 'Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints'?
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What year was 'The Annunciation' created and who were the artists?
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What is notable about 'The Birth of the Virgin' by Pietro Lorenzetti?
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What style does the 'St. Francis Altarpiece' exemplify?
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In which cathedral was 'The Birth of the Virgin' commissioned?
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Study Notes
St. Francis Altarpiece
- Created in 1235 by Bonaventura Berlinghieri for the church of San Francesco, Pescia.
- Tempera painting on wood represents Italo-Byzantine art.
- Depicts St. Francis in a coarse robe, showcasing stigmata on hands and feet, linking him to Christ.
- Contains two angels in Byzantine style with gold leaf to signify spiritual nature.
- Includes narratives like St. Francis talking to birds, emphasizing his holy life.
- Earliest signed and dated representation of St. Francis.
Madonna Enthroned
- Painted in 1310 by Giotto for the church of the Ognissanti in Florence.
- Tempera on wood, traditional gold background with a Gothic throne.
- Madonna depicted as a weighty, queenly figure, contrasting with immateriality of earlier artists.
- Marks the transition from medieval to naturalistic approaches in art, highlighting substance and dimensionality.
The Lamentation of Christ
- Created in 1305 by Giotto as part of fresco cycles in the Arena Chapel, Padua.
- Features boldly foreshortened angels expressing grief over Christ's body, a significant departure from previous styles.
- Mary cradles Christ while Mary Magdalene and Saint John display dramatic postures.
- Emphasizes naturalistic representation, compositional complexity, and emotional depth.
- Innovative use of light and shade introduces early chiaroscuro techniques.
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints
- Painted by Duccio between 1308-1311 for the Siena Cathedral's high altar.
- Features a narrative cycle depicting the Passion of Christ on the back, notable for its great detail and emotional expression.
- Virgin Mary is central, depicted as queen of Heaven, surrounded by angels and saints, with relaxed interactions among figures.
- Introduces individualized facial features, softer drapery, and greater naturalism compared to Byzantine tradition.
The Annunciation
- Created in 1333 by Simone Martiniti and Lippo Memmi for the Cathedral of Siena.
- Tempera painting featuring elegant shapes, radiant colors, and weightless figures.
- Depicts Angel Gabriel delivering a message to the Virgin, with a vase of white lilies symbolizing purity.
- Incorporates French-Gothic-inspired frames and elaborate halos that enhance the painting's grandeur.
The Birth of the Virgin
- Painted in 1342 by Pietro Lorenzetti for the Cathedral of Siena as a triptych.
- Displays pictorial illusionism, a technique not seen in Italy for a millennium, creating a sense of depth and space.
- Saint Anne is shown as a reclining figure, midwives washing the newborn amidst everyday details.
- Illusion created by depicting Joachim eagerly awaiting news and the viewer peering into the domestic scene, showcasing innovation in spatial representation.
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Description
Explore the Italo-Byzantine style and Proto-Renaissance art in Italy through these flashcards. This quiz focuses on key works and definitions, including important pieces like the St. Francis Altarpiece. Enhance your understanding of these artistic movements integral to Italy's rich cultural history.
