IT Chapter 1 Flashcards

Defined as a set of related tables storing data that connects with one another.
Utilizes Primary Key: Uniquely identifies data within a database (e.g., student number).
Utilizes Secondary Key: Known as a "foreign key," it provides access to additional information related to a specific entry.

Input Masks: Facilitate data entry by enforcing accuracy, completeness, and avoiding poor quality information (e.g., phone number format).
Table Layouts: Structure where rows represent records and columns represent data types (e.g., phone numbers).

Schematic Model: Describes the process flow from input (collecting and organizing data) to output (displaying information).
Computer-based Information System Model: Interacts with information technology for data collection, similar to the schematic model.

Hardware: Includes input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), processing units (e.g., CPU), output devices (e.g., printer), and storage (e.g., CD, USB).
Software: Divided into application software (e.g., games, word processors) and system software (e.g., operating systems).
Data: Uses tools like word cloud techniques for analysis and formatting.
Processes: Main steps required to complete various tasks within systems.
People: Essential for operating and utilizing information systems.

Personal IS: Individual productivity tools, such as decision-support systems; e.g., SIRI.
Group IS: Tools that enhance collaboration, including email and project management platforms; e.g., Google Docs.
Enterprise IS: Systems designed for organizational productivity, such as transaction processing systems; e.g., ATMs.

Custom Software: Tailored to meet the specific needs and goals of an organization (e.g., registration systems).
Package Software: Readily available "off the shelf" solutions (e.g., Microsoft Office suite).

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): A design approach that uses distinct services to support program functionalities.
Client Server Architecture (CSA): A network structure where client devices request services and servers provide them.