Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the coupon mentioned in the content?
What is the purpose of the coupon mentioned in the content?
Drivers do not give customers a copy of the receipt during delivery.
Drivers do not give customers a copy of the receipt during delivery.
False
What is compared with last year’s performance?
What is compared with last year’s performance?
Weekly totals
The _____ is essential for delivering goods and providing receipts and coupons to customers.
The _____ is essential for delivering goods and providing receipts and coupons to customers.
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Match the terms with their descriptions:
Match the terms with their descriptions:
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What is the process of discovering discrepancies among data flow diagrams called?
What is the process of discovering discrepancies among data flow diagrams called?
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DFDs can be used to identify inefficiencies within a system.
DFDs can be used to identify inefficiencies within a system.
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What does DFD stand for?
What does DFD stand for?
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A decision table is best used for __________ decision logic.
A decision table is best used for __________ decision logic.
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Match the following terms related to DFDs with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to DFDs with their definitions:
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What is a primary objective of data flow diagrams (DFDs)?
What is a primary objective of data flow diagrams (DFDs)?
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Data flow diagrams can only be created for high-level processes and not for lower-level processes.
Data flow diagrams can only be created for high-level processes and not for lower-level processes.
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What is the purpose of process modeling in information systems?
What is the purpose of process modeling in information systems?
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The _____ phase is highlighted in the systems development life cycle.
The _____ phase is highlighted in the systems development life cycle.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT part of managing an information systems project?
Which of the following is NOT part of managing an information systems project?
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Maintaining information systems is an important step after system implementation.
Maintaining information systems is an important step after system implementation.
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What is the first step in the systems development process?
What is the first step in the systems development process?
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What is the first step in the registration process?
What is the first step in the registration process?
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The final step in the registration process is to confirm registration.
The final step in the registration process is to confirm registration.
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What is updated in the student information section after enrollment?
What is updated in the student information section after enrollment?
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After verifying availability, the next step is to ______ the student.
After verifying availability, the next step is to ______ the student.
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Match the following parts of the registration process with their order:
Match the following parts of the registration process with their order:
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the registration process?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the registration process?
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Student information remains unchanged throughout the registration process.
Student information remains unchanged throughout the registration process.
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What is the purpose of the 'Accept/reject result' step?
What is the purpose of the 'Accept/reject result' step?
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What does balancing DFDs ensure?
What does balancing DFDs ensure?
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Data flow splitting results in an unbalanced DFD.
Data flow splitting results in an unbalanced DFD.
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What is the conservation principle in DFDs?
What is the conservation principle in DFDs?
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A __________ DFD describes what a system does.
A __________ DFD describes what a system does.
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Match the following DFD types with their descriptions:
Match the following DFD types with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a type of DFD?
Which of the following is NOT a type of DFD?
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An unbalanced DFD has different numbers of inputs and outputs at various levels.
An unbalanced DFD has different numbers of inputs and outputs at various levels.
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What is data flow splitting?
What is data flow splitting?
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Which statement best describes the purpose of a New Logical DFD?
Which statement best describes the purpose of a New Logical DFD?
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Completeness in DFDs means that not all components need to be included as long as they are described elsewhere.
Completeness in DFDs means that not all components need to be included as long as they are described elsewhere.
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What does a Primitive DFD represent?
What does a Primitive DFD represent?
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The best approach to drawing DFDs is to assume that the system has never started and will never ____.
The best approach to drawing DFDs is to assume that the system has never started and will never ____.
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What is a common issue that can violate DFD consistency?
What is a common issue that can violate DFD consistency?
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Time is effectively represented in DFDs to indicate the frequency of data flows.
Time is effectively represented in DFDs to indicate the frequency of data flows.
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When should an analyst stop decomposing a DFD?
When should an analyst stop decomposing a DFD?
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Study Notes
IT 352: Information Systems Analysis and Design
- Course taught by Haifa Alhasson in 2020
- Based on chapter 3 and 2 from a Prentice Hall textbook, copyrighted 2011
Brief List of Topics
- Overview of Information System development environment
- Origin of Software
- Managing Information Systems Projects
- Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
- Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
- System Requirements Determination
- Structuring System Process Requirements
- Designing Information Systems
- System Implementation
- Maintaining Information Systems
Modern Systems Analysis and Design (Chapter 7)
- Focuses on structuring system process requirements
- Explores data flow diagrams (DFDs)
Learning Objectives
- Understand the logical modeling of processes using DFD examples
- Create accurate and well-structured process models using DFDs following specific rules and guidelines
- Decompose DFDs into lower-level diagrams
- Balance higher-level and lower-level DFDs
- Use DFDs to analyze information systems
- Apply process modeling to electronic commerce applications
- Use decision tables for conditional statements
Process Modeling
- A graphical representation of capturing, manipulating, storing, and distributing data within a system and its environment, and among components.
- Included on the system development life cycle with the analysis phase highlighted
- Utilizes information gathered during requirements determination.
- Represents processes and data structures.
- Contains specific examples relating to a food order system (Hoosier Burger)
Deliverables and Outcomes
- Context Data Flow Diagram (DFD) including scope of system, or the current physical/logical system(adequate or sufficient detail only).
- Enables analysts to understand the current system.
- DFDs used to show a new logical system that is technology-independent and shows data flows, structure, and functional requirements.
- Each DFD component is thoroughly described.
Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics
- Represents physical and logical information systems
- Utilizes only four symbols for data flow
- Useful for depicting purely logical information flows.
- DFDs detailing physical systems differ from system flowcharts as they depict details of physical computing equipment
Definitions and Symbols
- Process: Work or actions performed on data (within the system)
- Data Store: Data at rest (within the system) for the data flow
- Source/Sink: External entity acting as an origin or destination of data (outside the system)
- Data Flow: Arrows depicting the movement of data
Developing DFDS
- Context Diagram: An overview of an organizational system including system boundaries, external entities interacting with the system, and major flows between entities and the system.
- Only one process symbol, no data stores as part of the context view
- Level-0 Diagram: Represents major processes, data flows, and data stores in a system with high level of detail
- Labels for processes are 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and so on
Data Flow Diagramming Rules
- Inputs/Outputs to process must be different
- The process purpose is to transform inputs into outputs
- Every object in the DFD has a unique name for each process/data store
- Rules on data store movement, between processes and sources/sinks
- Direction of data flow and use of packages when data flows follow one path
- Rules for data flow between symbols, how they can flow in both directions
- How to handle data flows in two or more processes and use data stores
Decomposition of DFDs
-
An iterative process of breaking a system description down into finer detail
-
Creates a set of charts (explanation of one process's detail on another chart).
-
Level-0 DFDS: are a high level diagram of the system's processes, which are given a unique label
-
Level-1DFD: Breaks one of the Level-0 processes down further into more primitive, lower-level sub-processes
-
Level-nDFD : Further breaking down a process in level-1 DFD into even more primitive or lowest levels
Balancing DFDS
- Conservation Principle: Preserves inputs and outputs of a process when doing next level decompositions (and also within the DFD diagram for a process)
- Balanced: When the input/output count of lower-level DFD process is the same as that of its higher-level equivalent process
- Data Flow Splitting: A composite data flow in a higher level would result in different parts going to different lower-level processes, which keeps the Diagram balanced
- Rules to govern drawing DFDs. Q, R, S, T rules as well as examples in a table (and illustrations on slides 33/34)
Four Different Types of DFDs
- Current Physical: Describes how the system works, identifies technology/people used, and the actual media for data flows and data stores.
- Current Logical: Describes what the system does. Removes physical aspects and reduces to data and processes that transform them.
- New Logical: Includes additional functions and removes/reorganizes data flows using DFDs.
- New Physical: Shows the physical implementation of the new system
Guidelines for Drawing DFDS
- Completeness: DFD must contain all components. Each is fully described in the dictionary or CASE repository (e.g., project documentation).
- Consistency: The extent to which information at one DFD level is also included in other levels (checking for inconsistencies).
- Timing: Not explicitly shown on DFDs
- Iterative Development: Analyst should expect to redraw the diagrams to achieve the desired system.
- Primitive DFD: lowest level of decomposition (as determined by analyst)
Using DFDS as Analysis Tools
- DFDs can be used for gap analysis (to discover discrepancies between multiple diagrams or within one).
- Identifying inefficiencies through a DFD (and application to business process re-engineering-BPR)
Modeling Logic with Decision Tables
- Matrix representation of logic for a decision, specifying possible conditions and actions.
- Effective for complex decision logic
- Condition stubs: lists conditions applicable to the decision
- Action stubs: lists actions for given conditions
- Rules: specifies actions based on conditions
Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling
- Completed JAD session for Pine Valley Furniture's Webstore, using data flow diagrams
- Identified six high-level processes
- The Process Modeling demonstrates translating the e-commerce system into Data Flow Diagrams to illustrate its structure.
- The Table shows how these processes connect in the Webstore (using a table 7-4) and illustrates further detail using a Level-0 diagram (using Figure 7-22)
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on key concepts from Information Systems Analysis and Design, specifically focusing on Chapters 2 and 3 of the Prentice Hall textbook. You'll explore topics such as software origins, project management, and data flow diagrams (DFDs). Prepare to apply your understanding of system process requirements and modeling techniques.
