Podcast
Questions and Answers
Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system:
Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases?
Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system:
Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases?
- 3, 4, 5, 1, 2
- 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 (correct)
- 5, 1, 3, 2, 4
- 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
You are estimating the testing time required for a new project. You have gathered information from three experts and they have given you the following numbers in days:
Using the average numbers from the table above and applying the three-point estimation technique, what is the estimate?
You are estimating the testing time required for a new project. You have gathered information from three experts and they have given you the following numbers in days:
Using the average numbers from the table above and applying the three-point estimation technique, what is the estimate?
- 81.25 ±8
- 40 ± 2
- 325 ± 45
- 54.17 ± 7.5 (correct)
Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.
Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.
- A
- B (correct)
- C
- D
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design.
How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis?
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design.
How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis?
In what way does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?
In what way does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?
You are working in an Agile team where the testers are being accused of slowing down the process because of the time system testing is taking. Which of the following would be an approach that would better spread the skills of the team to complete the tasks?
You are working in an Agile team where the testers are being accused of slowing down the process because of the time system testing is taking. Which of the following would be an approach that would better spread the skills of the team to complete the tasks?
Which of the following is an example of debugging?
Which of the following is an example of debugging?
Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?
Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?
If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?
If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?
Who normally writes the test plan for a project?
Who normally writes the test plan for a project?
Your team has conducted a quality risk analysis and has determined the likelihood, impact and mitigation plan for each identified risk. This information should be captured in what work product?
Your team has conducted a quality risk analysis and has determined the likelihood, impact and mitigation plan for each identified risk. This information should be captured in what work product?
You are working with a junior tester who has been given a user story to test. They have created only one positive path test for the story. You know there are more areas that should be tested for this story, including negative scenarios. Which of the following generic skills do they appear to be lacking?
You are working with a junior tester who has been given a user story to test. They have created only one positive path test for the story. You know there are more areas that should be tested for this story, including negative scenarios. Which of the following generic skills do they appear to be lacking?
Which of the following is an example of a good testing practice?
Which of the following is an example of a good testing practice?
Which development approach captures the requirements in a simple test case format?
Which development approach captures the requirements in a simple test case format?
Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?
Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?
You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren't in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?
You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren't in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?
Your team has just completed a retrospective. They have discussed what was successful and should be retained, and they discussed what improvements are needed. What else do they need to discuss in order to recognize process improvements?
Your team has just completed a retrospective. They have discussed what was successful and should be retained, and they discussed what improvements are needed. What else do they need to discuss in order to recognize process improvements?
Your organization has decided to implement DevOps. One of the biggest concerns from the operations people is that there have been ongoing performance issues in production. How will implementing DevOps and CI/CD help with this problem?
Your organization has decided to implement DevOps. One of the biggest concerns from the operations people is that there have been ongoing performance issues in production. How will implementing DevOps and CI/CD help with this problem?
Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?
Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?
You are frequently asked to participate in reviews of requirements. Unfortunately, you usually receive the document to be reviewed the night before the review meeting will be held. This is resulting in your not doing a thorough review and having to work significant overtime to get the review done. What review success factor is missing from this process?
You are frequently asked to participate in reviews of requirements. Unfortunately, you usually receive the document to be reviewed the night before the review meeting will be held. This is resulting in your not doing a thorough review and having to work significant overtime to get the review done. What review success factor is missing from this process?
What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?
What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?
If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?
If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?
If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?
If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?
How is statement coverage determined?
How is statement coverage determined?
You are working on a project with very tight deadlines. The code is being developed but is not yet executable. What type of testing could you apply that would help find defects now?
You are working on a project with very tight deadlines. The code is being developed but is not yet executable. What type of testing could you apply that would help find defects now?
If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?
If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?
When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?
When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?
You are writing some acceptance criteria for a story. You have decided to make a list of all the likely inputs to the code and the expected outputs based on those inputs. What format are you using?
You are writing some acceptance criteria for a story. You have decided to make a list of all the likely inputs to the code and the expected outputs based on those inputs. What format are you using?
You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered. How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?
You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered. How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?
You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:
- Login (invalid) > Login
- Login > Search
- Search > Search
- Search > Shopping Cart
- Shopping Cart > Search
- Shopping Cart > Checkout
- Checkout > Search
- Checkout > Logout
For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown?
You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:
- Login (invalid) > Login
- Login > Search
- Search > Search
- Search > Shopping Cart
- Shopping Cart > Search
- Shopping Cart > Checkout
- Checkout > Search
- Checkout > Logout
For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown?
You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach:
As a hotel owner
I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor
So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff
You have decided to apply boundary value analysis to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:
0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked
You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.
You have designed the following test cases:
- Test with 1 occupant on the floor
- Test with the floor full and ensure the next floor is made available for bookings
- Test with 0 occupants on the floor and ensure that floor is only available when lower floors are fully booked
- Test the usability to ensure hotel staff will find the software usable
- Test for response time when the system is at average load and the hotel is 80% occupied
What are you missing?
You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach:
As a hotel owner I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff
You have decided to apply boundary value analysis to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:
0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked
You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.
You have designed the following test cases:
- Test with 1 occupant on the floor
- Test with the floor full and ensure the next floor is made available for bookings
- Test with 0 occupants on the floor and ensure that floor is only available when lower floors are fully booked
- Test the usability to ensure hotel staff will find the software usable
- Test for response time when the system is at average load and the hotel is 80% occupied
What are you missing?
Level of risk is determined by which of the following?
Level of risk is determined by which of the following?
Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing?
Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing?
You are working on a project and have determined that exploratory testing is the best test technique to apply. Which testing quadrant are you using?
You are working on a project and have determined that exploratory testing is the best test technique to apply. Which testing quadrant are you using?
Which of the following is a project risk?
Which of the following is a project risk?
You have just completed testing on a major ERP implementation. The project has taken two years and is now ready for final approval before go-live. What test documentation should be produced at this time?
You have just completed testing on a major ERP implementation. The project has taken two years and is now ready for final approval before go-live. What test documentation should be produced at this time?
You are working on a project that is releasing software to the test team in iterations. In iteration 3 you identified a failure. The developer found and fixed the defect and released the fix in iteration 4. You confirmed the fix and closed the defect report. You are now testing iteration 7 and the failure has occurred again. You have talked to the developer and he doesn't know how or when the failure came back and has asked you to investigate.
How can configuration management help you gather more information on this failure?
You are working on a project that is releasing software to the test team in iterations. In iteration 3 you identified a failure. The developer found and fixed the defect and released the fix in iteration 4. You confirmed the fix and closed the defect report. You are now testing iteration 7 and the failure has occurred again. You have talked to the developer and he doesn't know how or when the failure came back and has asked you to investigate.
How can configuration management help you gather more information on this failure?
You have received the following description section in a defect report:
The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without this information.
What is the biggest problem with this defect report?
You have received the following description section in a defect report:
The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without this information.
What is the biggest problem with this defect report?
What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?
What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?
Which of the following is a risk with test automation?
Which of the following is a risk with test automation?
Flashcards
Why does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?
Why does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?
Root cause analysis helps pinpoint the root of a problem, allowing for process improvements that enhance product quality.
What is the advantage of a whole team approach in Agile?
What is the advantage of a whole team approach in Agile?
In a whole team approach, everyone collaborates, including testers and developers. This allows for faster task completion and improved skill distribution.
What is debugging?
What is debugging?
Debugging involves identifying and troubleshooting the exact cause of a defect in the code and fixing it.
What is exhaustive testing?
What is exhaustive testing?
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What is traceability in testing?
What is traceability in testing?
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Who typically writes the test plan for a project?
Who typically writes the test plan for a project?
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Where is risk analysis information documented?
Where is risk analysis information documented?
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What skill does a tester lack if they only create positive path tests?
What skill does a tester lack if they only create positive path tests?
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What is a good testing practice?
What is a good testing practice?
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Which development approach uses test cases to define requirements?
Which development approach uses test cases to define requirements?
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What type of testing does usability testing fall under?
What type of testing does usability testing fall under?
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What type of testing confirms a fix is working?
What type of testing confirms a fix is working?
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What is the final step in a retrospective?
What is the final step in a retrospective?
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How does DevOps impact performance testing?
How does DevOps impact performance testing?
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Which testing technique is a form of static testing?
Which testing technique is a form of static testing?
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What review success factor is often overlooked?
What review success factor is often overlooked?
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What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?
What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?
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What type of review is led by the author?
What type of review is led by the author?
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What test design technique is used when test cases are derived from the code?
What test design technique is used when test cases are derived from the code?
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How is statement coverage determined?
How is statement coverage determined?
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What type of testing can be beneficial even before the code is executable?
What type of testing can be beneficial even before the code is executable?
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What type of testing is used when testers guess potential errors?
What type of testing is used when testers guess potential errors?
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What is exploratory testing with time-boxing and test charters called?
What is exploratory testing with time-boxing and test charters called?
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What acceptance criteria format lists inputs and expected outputs?
What acceptance criteria format lists inputs and expected outputs?
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How many equivalence partitions are needed for a banking application with valid withdrawal values of 20, 100, 500?
How many equivalence partitions are needed for a banking application with valid withdrawal values of 20, 100, 500?
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How many tests are needed to achieve 100% two-value boundary analysis for a shipping system with a 100lb limit?
How many tests are needed to achieve 100% two-value boundary analysis for a shipping system with a 100lb limit?
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What is decision table testing?
What is decision table testing?
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How many transitions are shown in a state transition diagram for an e-commerce transaction with valid transitions?
How many transitions are shown in a state transition diagram for an e-commerce transaction with valid transitions?
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What is Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)?
What is Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)?
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How is risk level determined?
How is risk level determined?
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What is an example of a good exit criterion for system testing?
What is an example of a good exit criterion for system testing?
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Which testing quadrant does exploratory testing belong to?
Which testing quadrant does exploratory testing belong to?
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What is an example of a project risk?
What is an example of a project risk?
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What test documentation is produced at the end of a major implementation?
What test documentation is produced at the end of a major implementation?
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How can configuration management help when a fix re-appears?
How can configuration management help when a fix re-appears?
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What is the estimated testing time for a new project if the optimistic, likely, and pessimistic estimates are 30, 55, and 75 days respectively?
What is the estimated testing time for a new project if the optimistic, likely, and pessimistic estimates are 30, 55, and 75 days respectively?
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What is the proper order to execute test cases with different dependencies and priorities?
What is the proper order to execute test cases with different dependencies and priorities?
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What is the biggest problem with a defect report that only states the information is incorrect without specifying what is expected?
What is the biggest problem with a defect report that only states the information is incorrect without specifying what is expected?
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What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?
What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?
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What is a risk associated with test automation?
What is a risk associated with test automation?
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Study Notes
Sample Exam 4 - Answers
- Exam from ASTQB (American Software Testing Qualifications Board)
- ISTQB® Certified Tester Syllabus, Foundation Level
- Compatible with Syllabus version 4.0
Root Cause Analysis and Quality Assurance
- Root cause analysis helps identify and correct the root cause of defects, contributing to quality assurance by identifying common causes of issues and improving processes.
- It does not make developers code faster or improve funding
- It does not transfer root causes between teams
Whole Team Approach in Agile
- Using a whole team approach helps developers assist with testing tasks, spreading team skills and reducing delays in testing.
- This approach contrasts with splitting the team or using Waterfall.
Testing vs Debugging
- Debugging involves identifying and fixing the cause of a defect, while a tester finds, reports and retests a fix.
- A developer performs unit testing.
Exhaustive Testing
- Exhaustive testing is not practical for complex software because it involves testing all possible combinations of inputs and preconditions.
- It is commonly not done with test automation, but rather is used for trivial software.
- It is not the developer's primary responsibility during unit testing.
Traceability in Testing
- Traceability between test cases and requirements is crucial for demonstrating test execution coverage of requirements.
- Risk items and test cases are not directly related to this.
- Test cases that have been designed, but not executed do not fulfill the required coverage.
Roles in Testing
- The test manager is normally responsible for writing and updating the test plan.
- Other roles may assist, but ultimate responsibility rests with the test manager.
Test Activities and Risk Register
- Risk registers document the likelihood, impact, and mitigation plans for identified project risks.
- Test strategy, test plan and risk plan are not the primary documents to accomplish this.
Generic Testing Skills
- Creativity is a key skill when designing test scenarios for testers.
- Other important skills include communication, curiosity and confidence.
Testing Practices
- Testing must have specific objectives for each level (e.g., unit, integration, system).
- Test design begins early in the development cycle (not at the end) to ensure that code changes do not impact testing.
- Testers should not determine the order of test execution based on developer preference. Rather the order should be determined by priority, risk and availability.
Test-First Approaches
- Behavior-driven development (BDD) uses a given/when/then format to define test cases, which are then used as the basis for developing the code.
Test Types
- Usability testing is a type of non-functional testing.
Testing Distinctions
- Confirmation testing verifies if a fix works as intended.
- Regression testing assesses if changes have unintended consequences.
Retrospectives for Process Improvements
- Retrospectives can be used to identify and plan future process improvements by analyzing successes, identifying areas of improvement, and discussing what needs to be retained.
- Retrospectives are not about blaming individuals within a team but about identifying success and improvement mechanisms.
DevOps Impact on Testing
- Implementing DevOps and CI/CD allows performance testing to be integrated into the pipeline.
- Frequent testing (throughout the pipeline) and proper test environment setup are necessary for this.
Static Testing Techniques
- Code review is a static testing technique.
Review Types
- A walkthrough is led by the author of the work product;
- An inspection is led by a facilitator or moderator, and is a formal review process.
- Not all reviews require a formal moderator.
Test Techniques
- White-box testing derives test cases from studying the code;
- Black-box testing bases test design on requirements.
Test Coverage
- Statement coverage involves executing all code statements; it is measured as the number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements.
White-Box Testing
- White-box testing can be applied when parts of the software are not executing yet.
Error Guessing
- Error guessing is an example of experience-based testing.
Exploratory Testing
- Exploratory testing does not have to follow a plan.
- It is a flexible approach that allows testers to explore the software and adapt their testing strategies based on their observations and findings.
Criteria for Tests
- IPO Charts are an example of rules-oriented testing criteria.
- Rules-oriented testing involves identifying all the likely inputs to the code and expected outputs.
Derivation of Test Cases
- Equivalence partitioning is used to divide test input values into groups based on their similarity in expected outcomes.
- Each group tests a different aspect of the input conditions.
- Boundary value analysis for test cases takes values from the valid range and a little beyond to determine if the expected behavior is followed.
Test Case Prioritization
- High-priority tests should be executed first to maximize efficiency.
- Dependencies between test cases should be carefully considered.
Defect Report Content
- Correctly detailing expected results within a defect report is essential for effective issue resolution.
Test Tools
- Test execution tools are primarily used to run automated test scripts testing the test object.
Test Automation Risks
- Selecting an automation tool that may not be supported in the future is a critical risk.
- Properly considering the risks and rewards for automation is important.
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