Test 2

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Questions and Answers

Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system:

Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases?

3, 4, 5, 1, 2

1, 2, 4, 5, 3 (correct)

5, 1, 3, 2, 4

1, 3, 2, 4, 5

You are estimating the testing time required for a new project. You have gathered information from three experts and they have given you the following numbers in days:

Using the average numbers from the table above and applying the three-point estimation technique, what is the estimate?

81.25 ±8

40 ± 2

325 ± 45

54.17 ± 7.5 (correct)

Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.

B (correct)

You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design.

How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis?

10 Signup and view all the answers

In what way does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?

Helps to better identify and correct the root cause of defects Signup and view all the answers

You are working in an Agile team where the testers are being accused of slowing down the process because of the time system testing is taking. Which of the following would be an approach that would better spread the skills of the team to complete the tasks?

Whole Team Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of debugging?

A developer finds and fixes a defect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?

It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software Signup and view all the answers

If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?

Traceability between the test cases and the requirements Signup and view all the answers

Who normally writes the test plan for a project?

The test manager Signup and view all the answers

Your team has conducted a quality risk analysis and has determined the likelihood, impact and mitigation plan for each identified risk. This information should be captured in what work product?

Risk register Signup and view all the answers

You are working with a junior tester who has been given a user story to test. They have created only one positive path test for the story. You know there are more areas that should be tested for this story, including negative scenarios. Which of the following generic skills do they appear to be lacking?

Creativity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a good testing practice?

Different test levels should have specific test objectives Signup and view all the answers

Which development approach captures the requirements in a simple test case format?

BDD Signup and view all the answers

Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?

Non-functional Signup and view all the answers

You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren't in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

Confirmation testing Signup and view all the answers

Your team has just completed a retrospective. They have discussed what was successful and should be retained, and they discussed what improvements are needed. What else do they need to discuss in order to recognize process improvements?

What will be retained or changed for the future Signup and view all the answers

Your organization has decided to implement DevOps. One of the biggest concerns from the operations people is that there have been ongoing performance issues in production. How will implementing DevOps and CI/CD help with this problem?

Performance testing can be integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to test it incrementally and repeatedly throughout development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?

Code review Signup and view all the answers

You are frequently asked to participate in reviews of requirements. Unfortunately, you usually receive the document to be reviewed the night before the review meeting will be held. This is resulting in your not doing a thorough review and having to work significant overtime to get the review done. What review success factor is missing from this process?

Allowing adequate time to conduct the review Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?

Dynamic testing requires executing the software; the software is not executed during static testing Signup and view all the answers

If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?

Walkthrough Signup and view all the answers

If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?

White-box Signup and view all the answers

How is statement coverage determined?

Number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements Signup and view all the answers

You are working on a project with very tight deadlines. The code is being developed but is not yet executable. What type of testing could you apply that would help find defects now?

White-box Signup and view all the answers

If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?

Experience-based Signup and view all the answers

When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?

Session-based testing Signup and view all the answers

You are writing some acceptance criteria for a story. You have decided to make a list of all the likely inputs to the code and the expected outputs based on those inputs. What format are you using?

Rules-oriented Signup and view all the answers

You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered. How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?

4 Signup and view all the answers

You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:

Login (invalid) > Login

Login > Search

Search > Search

Search > Shopping Cart

Shopping Cart > Search

Shopping Cart > Checkout

Checkout > Search

Checkout > Logout

For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown?

8 Signup and view all the answers

You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach:

As a hotel owner I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff

You have decided to apply boundary value analysis to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:

0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked

You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.

You have designed the following test cases:

Test with 1 occupant on the floor

Test with the floor full and ensure the next floor is made available for bookings

Test with 0 occupants on the floor and ensure that floor is only available when lower floors are fully booked

Test the usability to ensure hotel staff will find the software usable

Test for response time when the system is at average load and the hotel is 80% occupied

What are you missing?

A test for trying to assign someone to a floor that is full Signup and view all the answers

Level of risk is determined by which of the following?

Likelihood and impact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing?

All severity 1 defects must be resolved Signup and view all the answers

You are working on a project and have determined that exploratory testing is the best test technique to apply. Which testing quadrant are you using?

Q3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a project risk?

A schedule that requires work during Christmas shutdown Signup and view all the answers

You have just completed testing on a major ERP implementation. The project has taken two years and is now ready for final approval before go-live. What test documentation should be produced at this time?

Formal test summary report Signup and view all the answers

You are working on a project that is releasing software to the test team in iterations. In iteration 3 you identified a failure. The developer found and fixed the defect and released the fix in iteration 4. You confirmed the fix and closed the defect report. You are now testing iteration 7 and the failure has occurred again. You have talked to the developer and he doesn't know how or when the failure came back and has asked you to investigate.

How can configuration management help you gather more information on this failure?

You can reload and retest iterations 5 and 6 to see where the problem was re-introduced Signup and view all the answers

You have received the following description section in a defect report:

The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without this information.

What is the biggest problem with this defect report?

The developer won't know what the tester expected to see Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?

It runs automated test scripts to test the test object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk with test automation?

Using an automation tool that will not be supported in the future Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sample Exam 4 - Answers

Exam from ASTQB (American Software Testing Qualifications Board)
ISTQB® Certified Tester Syllabus, Foundation Level
Compatible with Syllabus version 4.0

Root Cause Analysis and Quality Assurance

Root cause analysis helps identify and correct the root cause of defects, contributing to quality assurance by identifying common causes of issues and improving processes.
It does not make developers code faster or improve funding
It does not transfer root causes between teams

Whole Team Approach in Agile

Using a whole team approach helps developers assist with testing tasks, spreading team skills and reducing delays in testing.
This approach contrasts with splitting the team or using Waterfall.

Testing vs Debugging

Debugging involves identifying and fixing the cause of a defect, while a tester finds, reports and retests a fix.
A developer performs unit testing.

Exhaustive Testing

Exhaustive testing is not practical for complex software because it involves testing all possible combinations of inputs and preconditions.
It is commonly not done with test automation, but rather is used for trivial software.
It is not the developer's primary responsibility during unit testing.

Traceability in Testing

Traceability between test cases and requirements is crucial for demonstrating test execution coverage of requirements.
Risk items and test cases are not directly related to this.
Test cases that have been designed, but not executed do not fulfill the required coverage.

Roles in Testing

The test manager is normally responsible for writing and updating the test plan.
Other roles may assist, but ultimate responsibility rests with the test manager.

Test Activities and Risk Register

Risk registers document the likelihood, impact, and mitigation plans for identified project risks.
Test strategy, test plan and risk plan are not the primary documents to accomplish this.

Generic Testing Skills

Creativity is a key skill when designing test scenarios for testers.
Other important skills include communication, curiosity and confidence.

Testing Practices

Testing must have specific objectives for each level (e.g., unit, integration, system).
Test design begins early in the development cycle (not at the end) to ensure that code changes do not impact testing.
Testers should not determine the order of test execution based on developer preference. Rather the order should be determined by priority, risk and availability.

Test-First Approaches

Behavior-driven development (BDD) uses a given/when/then format to define test cases, which are then used as the basis for developing the code.

Test Types

Usability testing is a type of non-functional testing.

Testing Distinctions

Confirmation testing verifies if a fix works as intended.
Regression testing assesses if changes have unintended consequences.

Retrospectives for Process Improvements

Retrospectives can be used to identify and plan future process improvements by analyzing successes, identifying areas of improvement, and discussing what needs to be retained.
Retrospectives are not about blaming individuals within a team but about identifying success and improvement mechanisms.

DevOps Impact on Testing

Implementing DevOps and CI/CD allows performance testing to be integrated into the pipeline.
Frequent testing (throughout the pipeline) and proper test environment setup are necessary for this.

Static Testing Techniques

Code review is a static testing technique.

Review Types

A walkthrough is led by the author of the work product;
An inspection is led by a facilitator or moderator, and is a formal review process.
Not all reviews require a formal moderator.

Test Techniques

White-box testing derives test cases from studying the code;
Black-box testing bases test design on requirements.

Test Coverage

Statement coverage involves executing all code statements; it is measured as the number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements.

White-Box Testing

White-box testing can be applied when parts of the software are not executing yet.

Error Guessing

Error guessing is an example of experience-based testing.

Exploratory Testing

Exploratory testing does not have to follow a plan.
It is a flexible approach that allows testers to explore the software and adapt their testing strategies based on their observations and findings.

Criteria for Tests

IPO Charts are an example of rules-oriented testing criteria.
Rules-oriented testing involves identifying all the likely inputs to the code and expected outputs.

Derivation of Test Cases

Equivalence partitioning is used to divide test input values into groups based on their similarity in expected outcomes.
Each group tests a different aspect of the input conditions.
Boundary value analysis for test cases takes values from the valid range and a little beyond to determine if the expected behavior is followed.

Test Case Prioritization

High-priority tests should be executed first to maximize efficiency.
Dependencies between test cases should be carefully considered.

Defect Report Content

Correctly detailing expected results within a defect report is essential for effective issue resolution.

Test Tools

Test execution tools are primarily used to run automated test scripts testing the test object.

Test Automation Risks

Selecting an automation tool that may not be supported in the future is a critical risk.
Properly considering the risks and rewards for automation is important.

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Description

Test your knowledge with this sample exam based on the ISTQB Certified Tester Syllabus, Foundation Level. This quiz covers key concepts including root cause analysis, Agile testing processes, and the distinction between testing and debugging. Perfect for exam preparation or brushing up on quality assurance principles.