Questions and Answers
Who was Hafez al-Assad?
Prime Minister of Syria from 1970-1971, President from 1971-2000.
What significant event led to Yitzhak Rabin's assassination?
His signing of the Oslo Accords.
The 1982 Lebanon War started when the Israeli Defense Forces invaded southern Lebanon after repeated attacks by the __________.
PLO
What was the Reagan Plan?
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When was HAMAS founded?
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What notable outcome did the Madrid Conference achieve?
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What was created as a result of the Oslo I accords?
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Study Notes
Hafez al-Assad
- Served as Prime Minister of Syria from 1970-1971 and President from 1971-2000.
- Opposed peace efforts by President Clinton and the establishment of an Israeli state.
- Established Syria as a dominant force in the Middle East.
- Known for tough negotiations with Israel concerning borders.
- Criticized for brutal tactics but recognized for stabilizing Syria and improving relations with the West.
- Sought reaffirmation of the "Rabin Deposit" before any peace agreement, complicating negotiations.
- Initiated the first public meeting between Israel and Syria, which ultimately failed without resolution.
Yitzhak Rabin
- Israeli Prime Minister from 1974-1977 and 1992-1995.
- Assassinated in 1995 by extremist Yigal Amir over the Oslo Accords.
- Previously served as Chief of Staff during the 6-Day War.
- Led the first Labour government in Israel after 15 years in 1992.
- Collaborated with President Clinton and signed the peace treaty with Jordan following the Oslo Accords.
- First direct talks between Israel and the PLO occurred under his leadership.
- His assassination symbolizes the political risks associated with pursuing peace with Palestinians.
1982 Lebanon War
- Initiated in June 1982 with the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) invading southern Lebanon.
- Triggered by continuous violence between the PLO and IDF, resulting in civilian casualties.
- IDF occupation of southern Lebanon led to the expulsion of the PLO.
- The war resulted in the establishment of Hezbollah.
Bashir Gemayel
- Lebanese leader and President-elect who served from 1947-1982.
- Elected president in 1982 amid civil war and foreign occupation by Israel and Syria.
- Assassinated in a bombing attributed to Syrian forces.
- His death prompted a renewed Israeli military presence in Beirut.
Reagan Plan
- Introduced in 1982 during the backdrop of the Israel-PLO conflict in Lebanon.
- Proposed a five-year Palestinian autonomy period without recognizing a Palestinian state.
- Advocated for a freeze on Israeli settlements and self-government for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza in association with Jordan.
- Despite failing, maintained strong U.S.-Israeli relations during the Reagan administration, aiming to encourage concessions and a balanced role in the conflict.
HAMAS
- Founded in 1987 as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood amid the First Intifada.
- Recognized as a Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist organization opposed to the 1993 Israeli-PLO accords.
- Rejects the legitimacy of the Jewish state.
- Considered a disruptive force in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
- Gained control of Gaza after winning elections in 2006, often in opposition to Fatah and the PLO.
Madrid Conference
- Held in 1991, overseen by President Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev.
- Marked a shift in U.S. foreign policy towards an effort to revitalize the peace process amid the ongoing First Intifada.
- Represented the first face-to-face meeting between Arab countries and Israel.
- Talks failed as the PLO was excluded, highlighting the Likud government's challenges in engaging with the PLO.
Oslo I
- Signed in August 1993 in Washington D.C. between Arafat and Rabin.
- Paved the way for peace accords aimed at resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
- Established the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) as part of a new governance framework.
- Noteworthy as the first official meeting between Israeli and Palestinian leadership.
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Description
Explore key figures and events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with these flashcards. Learn about Hafez al-Assad's role in shaping the Middle East and his complex legacy as a leader of Syria. This quiz will enhance your understanding of the conflict's historical context.
