Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Structure, Types, and Importance
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Questions and Answers

What is the structural characteristic of isoquinoline and quinoline?

  • They are composed of a pyridine ring fused to a furan ring
  • They are benzo pyridines derivatives (correct)
  • They are composed of two benzene rings
  • They are composed of two pyridine rings

    • How many types of Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are known?

  • About 200
  • About 4000 (correct)
  • About 100
  • About 1000

    • What is the common name of the plant from which Ipecac is obtained?

  • Cephaelis ipecacuanha (correct)
  • Nicaragua root
  • Panama plant
  • Brazilian root

    • What is the minimum percentage of ethersoluble alkaloids yielded by Ipecac?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Phenanthrene alkaloid?

    <p>morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound that is most important from a biosynthetic point of view?

    <p>Reticuline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of tubocurarine on the muscles?

    <p>Relaxation of skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active constituent responsible for the antibacterial properties of Barberry?

    <p>Berberine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the botanical name of the plant from which opium is obtained?

    <p>Papaver somniferum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a large dose of tubocurarine chloride on an individual?

    <p>Respiratory failure due to muscle paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of artificial respiration in individuals administered with tubocurarine chloride?

    <p>To prevent respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term 'opium' derived from?

    <p>Greek word for poppy juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate with a phenanthrene nucleus formed in the biosynthetic pathway starting with nor laudanosoline?

    <p>Salutaridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of stepwise demethylation of thebaine?

    <p>Formation of morphine and codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of P.bracteatum in biosynthetic studies?

    <p>It lacks demethylation capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is thebaine useful commercially?

    <p>It can be converted to codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic significance of P.somniferum?

    <p>It produces morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes useful plants from those of only scientific interest?

    <p>Subtle metabolic differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sanguinaria composed of?

    <p>Dried rhizomes and roots of Sanguinaria canadensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sanguinarine on chromosomes in a cell?

    <p>It causes doubling of the chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biosynthetic precursor of isoquinoline alkaloids?

    <p>Phenylalanine and tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sanguinaria in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>It is used as an ingredient in compound white pine syrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate in the biosynthesis of papaverine?

    <p>Norlaudanosoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biosynthetic precursor of morphine?

    <p>Two molecules of tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international organization controls the cultivation of opium poppy?

    <p>International Narcotic Control Board of the United Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which month is the opium poppy plant typically 15cm in height?

    <p>Spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of morphine in opium?

    <p>4-21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of superficially cutting the opium poppy plant?

    <p>To obtain a milky juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found only in opium and can be used for its detection?

    <p>Meconic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of phenanthrene alkaloids on the body?

    <p>Depressant effect on the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

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