Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which Arab envoy was known to have followers of Islam in Indonesia in the 7th century?
Zainal Arifin Abas
In which century did Marco Polo stop in North Sumatra and meet people who had embraced Islam?
13th century
What tomb in Gresik is associated with the 11th century history of Islam in Indonesia?
Tomb of Fatimah Bint Maimun
Which theory suggests that Islam entered Indonesia from Persia and then stopped in Gujarat?
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Which two large kingdoms in North Maluku are known as the oldest Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia?
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What was the kingdom located on the north coast of Sumatra in the 13th century?
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What kingdom in Java was the first Islamic kingdom and broke away from the weakened Majapahit?
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Which kingdom played an important role in spreading Islam, trade, and resistance to Dutch colonialism?
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Which kingdom in Southeast Asia was known as one of the greatest trading centers and later formed the province of Banten?
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Which kingdom in South Sulawesi was a combination of two kingdoms with the same descendant?
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Which was the last independent Javanese kingdom before being colonized by the Dutch?
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What made Islam easy to be accepted in Indonesia according to the text?
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Who was the founder of the Kutai Kingdom?
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Where was the Tarumanegara Kingdom located?
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Who founded the Kalingga Kingdom?
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Which kingdom was based in central Java but later moved to East Java?
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Who was the founder of the Kediri Kingdom?
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In which kingdom did King Jayabaya reign at its peak?
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Study Notes
Development of Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
- Demak (1500) was the first Islamic kingdom in Java, originally a duchy of the weakened Majapahit before breaking away.
- Aceh (1507) was one of the largest and most powerful kingdoms, playing a significant role in spreading Islam, trade, and resistance to Dutch colonialism.
- Banten (1526) was one of the greatest trading centers in Southeast Asia, with four rulers, and its core territory now forms the province of Banten.
- Gowa-Tallo (1528) was a combination of two kingdoms from the same descendant, located in South Sulawesi.
- Mataram (1586) was the last independent Javanese kingdom before being colonized by the Dutch.
Spread of Islam in Indonesia
- Wali Songo was an influential figure in spreading Islam through art.
- Arabic and Persian influenced literature became more widespread in the form of hikayat and poetry.
- Arabic calligraphy using deformation techniques and puppetry began to be used as an art of proselytizing.
- "Bald" Arabic script began to be developed.
Factors that Made Islam Easy to Accept in Indonesia
- The requirement to enter Islam is not heavy, namely by saying the sentence of shahada.
- Ceremonies in Islam are very simple.
- Islam does not recognize the caste system.
Hindu Kingdoms in Indonesia
- Kutai Kingdom (first king: Mulawarman) was located in East Kalimantan.
- Tarumanegara Kingdom (founder: Maharshi R.J.) was located in western Java, near the Citarum River.
- Kalingga Kingdom (founder: Dapunta S.) was located in the north coast of Central Java.
- Mataram Kingdom (founder: King Sanjaya) was based in central Java, later in East Java.
- Kediri Kingdom (founder: King Airlangga) was at its peak during the reign of King Jayabaya.
- Singhasari Kingdom (founder: Ken Arok) was located in East Java.
- Majapahit Kingdom (at its peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk) was located in Java.
Entry of Islam in Indonesia
- 7th century: Zainal Arifin Abas believed that there was an Arab envoy in China who already had followers of Islam in Indonesia.
- 7th century: Chinese news from the Tang Dynasty reported that there were people in Canton/Sumatra who were Muslims.
- 11th century: The existence of the tomb of Fatimah Bint Maimun in Leran, Gresik.
- 13th century: Marco Polo stopped in North Sumatra and met people who had embraced Islam.
- 13th century: The existence of the tomb of Malik Al-Saleh.
Theories of the Entry of Islam in Indonesia
- Persian Theory: Hoesein Djajadiningrat and Umar Amir Husein believed that Islam entered from Persia, then stopping in Gujarat.
- Makkah Theory: Not mentioned.
- Chinese Theory: Slamet Mulyana and Sumanto Al Qurtuby believed that Chinese merchants brought Islam to Indonesia.
- Gujarat Theory: Not mentioned.
Kingdoms of Islam in Indonesia
- Ternate-Tidore (1257) were two large kingdoms located in North Maluku, with Ternate being the leading maritime kingdom.
- Samudra Pasai (1267) was a kingdom located on the north coast of Sumatra.
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Description
Explore the timeline of Islamic influence in Indonesia from the 7th to 13th century, with significant events such as the arrival of an Arab envoy, mentions in Chinese news, and encounters with famous figures like Marcopolo. Learn about the spread of Islam through historical accounts and theories.
