Islam and Pre-Islamic Arabia Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary function of the Majlis within Bedouin tribal structure?

To serve as religious scholars and interpret religious texts.

To lead military expeditions.

To nominate and advise tribal leaders (sheiks). (correct)

To manage the economic trade and distribution of resources.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Kaaba in pre-Islamic Mecca?

It was a library that held the collective knowledge and history of the Arabian tribes.

It was primarily a marketplace that boosted Mecca's economic status.

It was a major religious monument that housed various polytheistic idols. (correct)

It served as the primary meeting place for tribal leaders to discuss political matters.

Which of the following factors significantly contributed to the early success and spread of Islam?

Economic incentives such as lower taxes (jizya) and religious tolerance. (correct)

Suppression of trade and economic activity to focus on religious expansion.

Strict social segregation and the establishment of a rigid caste system.

Enforced conversion and destruction of other religious sites.

What was the primary reason for Muhammad's hijrah (self-imposed exile) to Medina?

To seek refuge from persecution and establish a political base. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the 'Constitution of Medina' address religious diversity within the city?

It established a system of religious tolerance and mutual cooperation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Quran and the Hadith in Islamic tradition?

The Quran is believed to be the direct word of God, while the Hadith contains sayings and actions of Muhammad. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Islamic history, what was the significance of the Battle of Karbala?

It was a pivotal event in the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the core belief that distinguished Shia Muslims from Sunni Muslims regarding the selection of a caliph?

The caliph must be a direct blood relative of Muhammad. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in the context of Islamic intellectual history?

A philosopher and physician known for his contributions to medicine, including the Canon of Medicine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Tours?

Muslim expansion into Europe was halted. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor played the most significant role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?

The spread of diseases to which the Aztecs had no immunity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the belief surrounding Quetzalcoatl impact the interaction between the Aztecs and the Spanish?

It initially caused confusion, with some Aztecs believing Cortes was the returning god. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Incan use of quipu contribute to their administration and governance?

They were a tool for recording numerical information, aiding in census and resource management. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Reconquista for the Spanish?

To drive out the Muslims and Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the agricultural technique of chinampas benefit the Aztec civilization?

They allowed for year-round crop production, supporting a dense population. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the chasqui within the Incan empire?

To act as runners and message carriers throughout the empire. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the Columbian Exchange's long-term impact on global populations?

Increased global food diversity and eventual development of immunities to diseases. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of mitma in the Incan Empire?

To forcibly migrate populations to maintain control and assimilate conquered peoples. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the Spanish conquistadors?

God, gold, and glory. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did Marco Polo's travels contribute to European exploration?

His stories sparked European interest in Asian goods and cultures. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which explorer's voyage is most associated with definitively proving the earth could be circumnavigated, even though the explorer died during the journey?

Ferdinand Magellan (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the long-term consequences of the transatlantic slave trade on African societies?

Depopulation, disruption of local economies, and the destruction of the middle class. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary goal of Alfonso de Albuquerque in establishing a Portuguese base in India?

To gain control over the lucrative spice trade. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of the encomienda system implemented by the Spanish in the New World?

To implement a system of forced labor and cultural assimilation of indigenous populations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella impact the future of Spain?

It unified Spain and laid the foundation for its rise as a major European power. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Dutch use New Amsterdam's location to their advantage?

They developed it into a thriving center for banking, trade, and shipping. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following explorers is credited with realizing that Columbus had discovered a new continent, leading to the naming of America?

Amerigo Vespucci (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary significance of Lake Texcoco for the Aztec civilization?

It provided essential resources for fishing, agriculture, and defense. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the repartimiento system implemented by the Spanish in the Americas, and how was it often exploited?

It aimed to grant citizenship to indigenous people who paid taxes, but was exploited by forcing them into unpaid labor when they couldn't pay. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Treaty of Tordesillas, proposed by Pope Alexander VI, aim to resolve territorial disputes between Spain and Portugal, and what were its long-term consequences?

It divided the world into two hemispheres, granting Spain rights to lands west of the line and Portugal rights to lands east, influencing the colonization of the Americas and Asia. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bedouin Tribes

Nomadic tribes in the Arabian Peninsula who traveled via caravan routes.

Sheiks

Tribal leaders who govern Bedouin tribes.