Isingeniso Somthetho Wama-Delict eNingizimu Afrika

Kulungile, nazi izifundo zakho mayelana nomthetho wama-delict eNingizimu Afrika:

Isingeniso Somthetho Wama-Delict

• Umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika wama-delict uyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo eziningi zemithetho.
• Izimiso zawo zithonywe kakhulu umthetho wamaRoma-Dutch kanye nowesiNgisi.
• Ukungaqondani phakathi kwemithetho ehlukene kungadala ukungacaci.
• Umthetho wama-delict uhlinzeka ngendlela yokunxephezela labo abalinyazwe ngokungekho emthethweni.

Isimo Semvelo Yomthetho Wama-Delict

• Umthetho wama-delict uyingxenye yomthetho wangasese.
• Ugxile ezimweni lapho umuntu angakwazi ukuthola inxephezelo komunye ngomonakalo owenziwe.
• Ngaphambilini amaRoma wayewubheka njengengxenye yomthetho wezibopho.
• Ukwenzeka kwe-delict kudala isibopho sokunxephezela umuntu olinyazwe.

Ukwabiwa Kokulahlekelwa Nokulungiswa Kobulungiswa

• Uphenyo lokuthi ingabe i-delict yenzekile yini yindlela yokwaba ukulahlekelwa ukuthola ukuthi umthwalo kufanele usuke yini kumangaleli uyo kumangalelwa.
• I-Tort imvamisa ichazwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ngokulungiswa kobulungiswa, okungukuthi izimo lapho iqembu elonakele likwazi ukuthola isinxephezelo kumuntu owenze ububi.
• Inhloso enkulu yezenzo eziningi ze-tort ukuthola isinxephezelo semali ngokulahlekelwa okuvezwe ummangali ngenxa yomangalelwa.

"Tort" ngokumelene "Delict"

• Igama elithi 'Tort' livela esiNgisini-French futhi lisetshenziswa uhlelo olususelwa kumthetho ojwayelekile wesiNgisi ukuchaza ububi bomphakathi.
• Izinhlelo zomthetho womphakathi eYurophu kanye nezinhlelo ezinobudlelwano obuqinile nomthetho wamaRoma zikhetha igama elithi 'delict'.
• Ekuqaleni, leli gama lalihlanganisa izenzo ezingalungile zomphakathi nezobugebengu, kodwa lokhu akusenjalo.

Uhlaka Lokulawula

• Umthetho we-delict, njengawo wonke omunye umthetho, uyingxenye yohlaka olulawulayo lomphakathi.
• Inhloso yawo ukubeka izindinganiso zokuziphatha komuntu.
• Ngaphezu kokunxephezela abalimele, i-delict isebenza njengenhloso yokuziphatha kahle.
• Imisa imithetho yokuziphatha nezimiso zokuxhumana.

Ukuziphatha Kahle Nobulungiswa

• I-Delict isekelwe emqondweni wokuziphatha kahle nobulungiswa.
• Imithetho kufanele ibe nemiqondo yokuziphatha kahle.
• Abahluleli kufanele banqume ukuthi yiziphi izimiso zokuziphatha okufanele zisebenze lapho belawula ukuziphatha emphakathini.
• Umthetho we-delict kufanele unikeze isisekelo sale miqondo.

Umthetho njengobunjiniyela bezokuhlalisana kwabantu

• Umthetho uyingxenye yobunjiniyela bezokuhlalisana kwabantu okugxile ekulinganiseni inkululeko yomuntu siqu nokuvikeleka komphakathi.
• Imibono yokuziphatha kahle yomphakathi iyisisekelo sokwahlulela ububi nokulungisa.

Isimiso Esiyinhloko Sokuziphatha

• Isimiso esiyinhloko sokuziphatha uhlelo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lokuzibophezela komuntu siqu ukuthi akukwazi ukuba khona isikweletu ngaphandle kwephutha.
• Kukhona futhi nesikweletu esiqinile, lapho umphakathi unquma ukuthi imvelo yokuziphatha noma ingozi ehambisana nokuziphatha kufanele yenze umuntu anesibopho sokunxephezela noma ubani olimalayo.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Ezihlukene

• Ukuzibophezela ekuziphatheni kuhlose ukugwema ukuziphatha okuheha icala.
• Ukuzibophezela emiphumeleni kuhlose ukunxephezela imiphumela engemihle yomsebenzi ofanele.
• Icala elisekelwe ekuzuzeni umphumela libhekwa njengentela emisebenzini eheha leso sikweletu kunokuba yinhlawulo ngokuwenza.
• Icala elisekelwe ekuziphatheni libandakanya ukungavumelani nokuziphatha okuheha icala elingaxhunyiwe ekuzuzeni umphumela.

Icala Lephutha

• Ukuba necala kuvela embonweni wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye wokuthi umuntu owenza i-delict akufanele abe necala ngokusemthethweni kuphela kodwa futhi ngokokuziphatha.
• Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo zokuziphatha, zenhlalo nezomnotho zangaleso sikhathi.
• Imboni yomshuwalense nayo yayingathuthukile kahle, ngakho isinxephezelo sasivela kumuntu owenzile.
• Umthetho we-delict wasiza ukunxephezela, ukukhombisa ukungavumelani nokuziphatha okungahloniphi izimiso zokuziphatha, nokuvimbela ukuziphatha okubangela ingozi.

Izimo Ezishintshayo

• Izimo ezihlukene zezomnotho kanye nemibono yezombangazwe manje iyatholakala.
• Imibono ishintsha isuka ekushintsheni kokulahlekelwa iye emisebenzini yokusakaza ukulahlekelwa.
• Izindlela zokungabi namaphutha zokubophezela ngomkhiqizo noma isinxephezelo ngezingozi zomgwaqo zingabonisa kangcono yini ukuziphatha kahle komphakathi?
• Ingabe isibopho esiqinile ngeke sibe ngcono futhi sibe nobulungiswa ngokwengeziwe, ngalesi simo kuzonxephezelwa noma ungazange ube nephutha?

Ukushiyeka Kwesimo Sephutha

• Uhlelo lwephutha lugcwele ukushiyeka, lubiza kakhulu, kunzima ukuluphatha, luphika isinxephezelo kubantu abaningi abalimele, futhi lugcwele ukubambezeleka kodwa futhi kuwuphawu lobukhazikhazi lapho umphakathi uqondisa amalungu awo ukuthi aziphathe ngendlela efanele ebudlelwaneni bawo nezakhamizi zakubo noma akhokhele imiphumela.

Isisekelo Somthetho Wama-Delict

• Inqubomgomo ezwakalayo ivumela ukulahlekelwa ukuthi kuhlale lapho kuwela khona, ngaphandle kwalapho isizathu esikhethekile singaboniswa ngokungenelela.
• Izinkantolo zamukela isimiso esifanayo futhi lapho zicabangela ukuthi kufanele yini ukubophezela ngecala kufanele kubekwe, iphuzu lokuqala njalo ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kufanele kuhlale lapho kuwela khona.
• Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengomthetho ojwayelekile, abamangali kufanele bahlupheke ngokwephulwa kwezintshisekelo zabo futhi bathwale noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa kwezezimali okuhambisana nokwephulwa okunjalo.

Izincazelo ze-Delict

• Izincazelo ze-delict ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngemibono yababhali yohlaka lwezomthetho olulawula umthetho we-delict.
• I-delict iqondwa njengesenzo esingalungile nesinecala esibangela omunye umuntu ukulimala noma kwephule intshisekelo yobuntu bomunye umuntu.

Ukuhlinzeka Ngokuyekethisa Okwamukelekayo Emphakathini Phakathi Kwemibono Yokuziphatha Ephikisanayo

• Imvamisa kunezindlela eziningi ezamukelekayo zokuziphatha ezindabeni ezithile, ngokuvamile ezisekelwe emaphuzwini ahlukene okuhamba.
• Esibonelweni esisodwa, ukugcina isithunzi somuntu kuhluke enkululekweni yokukhuluma.
• Udaba ezimweni ezinjalo akukhona ukukhetha noma ukuphika le miphumela yokuziphatha, kepha ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana ngakunye ngokulinganisela lezi zamagugu.

Ukuvimbela Ulimele Ekuziphatheni Ngendlela Efana Naleyo Esikhathini Esizayo

• Ngenkathi omunye wemisebenzi ye-delict kungukuvimbela abantu ukuthi baziphathe ngendlela ethile, izinga lokuthi i-delict ifinyelela yini le njongo liyangabazeka.
• Abantu cishe bacabanga ngokucophelela abakushoyo ngabanye ngenxa yomthetho wokunyundela, futhi ubukhulu bomklomelo wezezimali, uma ushicilelwa, bungaba nomthelela endleleni abanye abaziphatha ngayo.

Ukwabiwa Kabusha Nokwabiwa Kokulahlekelwa

• Ukwabiwa kabusha kokulahlekelwa kusuka kwesisulu kuya kumlimazi kungumsebenzi osetshenziswa kabanzi we-delict, kepha umqondo wokuthi i-delict kufanele futhi isabalalise ukulahlekelwa uyaphikisana.
• Uma abanye bekufanele babelane ngomthwalo wokulungisa, akukho ngesisulu noma ngumenzi wobubi obazothwala umthwalo wokulimala.
• Kodwa-ke, zikhona izimo zokusabalalisa ukulahlekelwa emthethweni we-delict.

I-Delict Nomshuwalense

• Abantu bayakwazi ukuzivikela ngokumelene nokulahlekelwa noma ukulinyazwa abangase bahlupheke ngakho, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa noma ukulinyazwa okubangelwa yi-delict.
• Ngokwengqondo, isisulu se-delict esiphinde sathatha umshuwalense weholo, sine-action yama-delict ngokumelene nomenzi wobubi kanye nesicelo senkontileka ngokumelene nomshuwalense.

Umthelela Womshuwalense Emsebenzini Wokuvimbela We-Delict

• Ukufika komshuwalense weholo kususe amandla athile e-prophylactic ye-delict ngoba isijeziso somphakathi asisetshenziswanga ngokungavamile ngokumelene nabenzi beziwula uqobo.
• Uma isahlulelo ngokumelene nomuntu siqu sikhokhwa ngumshuwalense womuntu siqu, noma yiliphi inani lokuvikeleka umthetho we-tort elilizigilayo liyancishiswa kakhulu.
• Ingabe umshuwalense weholo uyawunciphisa umthelela we-delict wokuvimbela?

Izindlela Zangaphambilini Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Ze-Delictual.

• Umthetho we-delict ubeka izimiso zokuziphatha zokuthi abantu kufanele baziphathe kanjani, futhi lapho abantu benamathela kulezo zimiso kuye kancane kunabantu abangathinteki kubo okujabulisayo kubantu bayo.
• Lapho i-delict ingenzekanga ngandlela-thile, kuye kunesinqumo esinembile salokho, futhi okubhekiselwa kulezo zakhamizi.

Izinkinga Zalawo Okuthengiselwa Ngalowo Msamelo

• Umthetho udinga ukuqiniswa ngabasebenzi be-Tort futhi ngezinye izindlela zokuyikhuphula ukukunikeza umbono omuhle okudingeka ukuvikeleka kwezinto zenhlalo yabo.
• Izindaba zanoma yisiphi isihlokwana esithakazelisayo nokunye okuningi kulula kakhulu lapho kunalawa amandla okulungisa.

Izindlela Zamalungiselelo Ahlukahlukene Asetshenziswa Kulokhu

• Kunombiko wakamuva osetshenzisiwe oqukethe ukuphakanyiswa abantu ngabanye okwakufuneka babhekane nakho kulawula izinqubomgomo abezihlela ngendlela lapho uhlelo ngalunye lufaneleka ngokweshadile.
• Abahlukile emalungiselelwaneni amakhulu kakhulu babegxile ekungathintini ukulaliswa kwabantu.

Ngiyethemba lokhu kuyasiza! Ngicela ungazise uma unemibuzo eyengeziwe.