Ischemic Stroke Proportions Study
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging modality is proposed for the evaluation of embolic strokes of undetermined source according to Katsanos et al.?

  • Transesophageal echocardiography (correct)
  • MRI
  • CT scan
  • Carotid ultrasound

What percentage of ischemic strokes are classified as cryptogenic?

  • 10%
  • 15%
  • 5%
  • 25% (correct)

In what year did Elgendy et al. propose an updated nomenclature and classification for potential causative mechanisms in patent foramen ovale-associated stroke?

  • 2020 (correct)
  • 2010
  • 2018
  • 2015

What percentage of patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source have a patent foramen ovale (PFO)?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term has been suggested to replace the labeling of young ischemic stroke patients as cryptogenic?

<p>PFO-associated stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which registry is highlighted in Perera et al.'s work on embolic strokes of undetermined source?

<p>ESUS Global Registry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Ornello et al.'s systematic review and meta-analysis from 1993 to 2015?

<p>Cryptogenic stroke subtypes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT considered a high-risk feature of patent foramen ovale (PFO)?

<p>Secundum atrial septal defect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the size of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) quantified during an echocardiogram?

<p>By counting the number of bubbles observed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Larrue et al., what is the main focus of the etiologic investigation in young adults with ischemic stroke?

<p>Cardioembolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischemic stroke according to the provided information?

<p>PFO may be implicated in up to 4% of all patients with ischemic stroke. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of ischemic stroke management is highlighted in the study by Vanassche et al.?

<p>Secondary prevention strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the role of PFO closure for cryptogenic stroke patients older than age 60 years is unknown?

<p>Lack of randomized controlled trials targeting this age group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ≥65-year-old patients with cryptogenic stroke have moderate and large PFOs?

<p>Up to 35% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario are patients classified as POSSIBLE regarding PFO management?

<p>High-risk PFO and a RoPE score ≥2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the role of PFO closure uncertain for older cryptogenic stroke patients, according to the text?

<p>Prevalence of competing stroke mechanisms in this demographic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What difference in PFO prevalence was observed between Black and White participants in the study mentioned?

<p>Large PFOs were less prevalent among Black participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding race differences in PFO prevalence important for stroke management?

<p>To tailor secondary stroke prevention strategies to specific racial groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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