Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) Epidemiology and Prevention
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Questions and Answers

What specialized imaging study should be performed if the patient cannot exercise adequately during a stress test?

  • Nuclear perfusion scan (correct)
  • Echocardiography (ECHO)
  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)
  • Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)

In the context of the text, what does a positive test for ischemia indicate?

  • ST-segment elevation
  • Bradycardia
  • Normal heart function
  • ST-segment depression (correct)

What does Lead V4 show at rest according to the provided text?

  • Normal ECG findings (correct)
  • ST-segment elevation
  • Horizontal ST-segment depression
  • T-wave inversion

Which imaging study involves the use of methoxyisobutyl isonitrite (MIBI)?

<p>Nuclear perfusion scan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for positron emission tomography in the context of the text?

<p>PET (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is a symptom-limited treadmill exercise used according to the text?

<p>To stress the coronary circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factors are increasing and are powerful for Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

<p>Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to delaying Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) to later in life across socioeconomic groups?

<p>Primary prevention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a shift from communicable to noncommunicable diseases in global burden of disease analyses?

<p>Increase in the prevalence of risk factors for IHD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population subgroups appear to be particularly affected by Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

<p>Men in South Asian countries, especially India and the Middle East (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central to understanding the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia?

<p>The concept of myocardial supply and demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is estimated to be the global population living with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

<p>~197.2 million people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cornerstone in the management of chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

<p>Reduced caloric intake to achieve optimal body weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor often accompanies obesity according to the text?

<p>Hyperlipidemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cigarette smoking have on coronary atherosclerosis?

<p>Accelerates the process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with metabolic syndrome or overt diabetes mellitus, what should be emphasized according to the text?

<p>Weight loss and regular exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are noncombustible tobacco products like electronic cigarettes (nicotine delivery systems) associated with according to the text?

<p>Increased frequency of anginal episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertension increase the risk of according to the text?

<p>Increased risk of adverse clinical events from coronary atherosclerosis as well as stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which group of patients would noninvasive alternatives to diagnostic coronary arteriography be particularly useful?

<p>Patients who are to undergo a cardiac operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would CT angiography and CMR angiography be considered as noninvasive alternatives?

<p>For patients in whom coronary spasm is suspected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to undergo valve replacement or repair according to the text?

<p>Male patients over 45 years and females over 55 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients may have clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia without apparent symptoms according to the text?

<p>Patients before a cardiac operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scenario where CT angiography and CMR angiography provide information according to the text?

<p>Detecting obstructive lesions in coronary arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients should be considered for further evaluation due to the recurrence of angina after myocardial infarction?

<p>Patients with frequent ventricular premature contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of an increased risk of coronary events?

<p>Extensive coronary calcification on EBCT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the management plan for stable angina pectoris?

<p>Drug therapy for angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential part of the treatment plan for patients with IHD?

<p>Adaptation of activity as needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for patients with IHD to understand about their condition?

<p>They need to understand that a long and productive life is possible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of the management plan for stable angina pectoris to decrease adverse coronary outcomes?

<p>Adapting activity as needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to record the degree of disability and precipitating factors for angina in patients?

<p>To set treatment goals based on physical and emotional stress levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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