Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) Epidemiology and Prevention

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What specialized imaging study should be performed if the patient cannot exercise adequately during a stress test?

Nuclear perfusion scan (correct)

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)

In the context of the text, what does a positive test for ischemia indicate?

ST-segment elevation

Bradycardia

Normal heart function

ST-segment depression (correct)

What does Lead V4 show at rest according to the provided text?

Normal ECG findings (correct)

ST-segment elevation

Horizontal ST-segment depression

T-wave inversion

Which imaging study involves the use of methoxyisobutyl isonitrite (MIBI)?

Nuclear perfusion scan (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for positron emission tomography in the context of the text?

PET (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is a symptom-limited treadmill exercise used according to the text?

To stress the coronary circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factors are increasing and are powerful for Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to delaying Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) to later in life across socioeconomic groups?

Primary prevention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a shift from communicable to noncommunicable diseases in global burden of disease analyses?

Increase in the prevalence of risk factors for IHD (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which population subgroups appear to be particularly affected by Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

Men in South Asian countries, especially India and the Middle East (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is central to understanding the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia?

The concept of myocardial supply and demand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is estimated to be the global population living with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

~197.2 million people (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cornerstone in the management of chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)?

Reduced caloric intake to achieve optimal body weight (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor often accompanies obesity according to the text?

Hyperlipidemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cigarette smoking have on coronary atherosclerosis?

Accelerates the process (D) Signup and view all the answers

In patients with metabolic syndrome or overt diabetes mellitus, what should be emphasized according to the text?

Weight loss and regular exercise (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are noncombustible tobacco products like electronic cigarettes (nicotine delivery systems) associated with according to the text?

Increased frequency of anginal episodes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertension increase the risk of according to the text?

Increased risk of adverse clinical events from coronary atherosclerosis as well as stroke (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which group of patients would noninvasive alternatives to diagnostic coronary arteriography be particularly useful?

Patients who are to undergo a cardiac operation (C) Signup and view all the answers

When would CT angiography and CMR angiography be considered as noninvasive alternatives?

For patients in whom coronary spasm is suspected (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to undergo valve replacement or repair according to the text?

Male patients over 45 years and females over 55 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients may have clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia without apparent symptoms according to the text?

Patients before a cardiac operation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a scenario where CT angiography and CMR angiography provide information according to the text?

Detecting obstructive lesions in coronary arteries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients should be considered for further evaluation due to the recurrence of angina after myocardial infarction?

Patients with frequent ventricular premature contractions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of an increased risk of coronary events?

Extensive coronary calcification on EBCT (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the management plan for stable angina pectoris?

Drug therapy for angina (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential part of the treatment plan for patients with IHD?

Adaptation of activity as needed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for patients with IHD to understand about their condition?

They need to understand that a long and productive life is possible (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of the management plan for stable angina pectoris to decrease adverse coronary outcomes?

Adapting activity as needed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to record the degree of disability and precipitating factors for angina in patients?

To set treatment goals based on physical and emotional stress levels (D) Signup and view all the answers