Irrigation Systems Standards Quiz

The process of developing a national standard for agricultural practices or equipment, ensuring quality, consistency, and conformity in the industry.

An organization responsible for developing and promoting standards for agriculture and fisheries in the Philippines.

A government agency focused on engineering aspects of agricultural development, including mechanization, irrigation, and infrastructure.

A national organization responsible for developing and implementing standards for various industries in the Philippines.

A standard that provides guidelines for designing and implementing irrigation systems that rely on pressurized water delivery.

A specific type of irrigation system where water is sprayed from sprinklers onto crops, often using pressurized pipes.

A framework or approach to creating standards that follows established guidelines and procedures.

Instructions or requirements that are considered essential for compliance with a standard.

The total volume of water delivered by the sprinkler system per hour, calculated by multiplying the number of laterals operating, the number of sprinklers per lateral, and the discharge rate of each sprinkler.

The total amount of water discharged by a sprinkler system per hour, calculated by multiplying the discharge of each sprinkler by the total number of sprinklers.

The power required to operate a pump in a sprinkler system, calculated using the system's capacity, total dynamic head, and pump efficiency.

The pressure difference that occurs along the lateral lines, ideally kept within 10% of the design pressure.

Adjusting the pressure calculations for laterals due to elevation changes along the sprinkler system.

The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into the soil, ensuring the system doesn't oversaturate the ground.

The main pipe's size must be large enough to supply water to all laterals, even when they are in their most demanding position.

The rate at which a sprinkler applies water to the ground, measured in millimeters per hour, calculated using the sprinkler's discharge, wetted radius, and the portion of the circle receiving water.

The distance from the center of a sprinkler to the edge of the area it covers.

The lateral position that creates the highest friction loss in the main pipe should be considered when designing the system.

The allowable friction loss in the lateral pipes is limited to 20% of the average pressure.

The specific type of sprinkler chosen based on its trajectory and the operating pressure.

The velocity of water flow in the main pipe should be less than or equal to 2 meters per second.

The total dynamic head (TDH) is the total pressure the pump needs to overcome to move water from the source to the sprinklers. It includes the height difference between the source and the sprinklers, the friction loss in the pipes, and the pressure loss due to fittings and other components.

A map that displays the layout of a sprinkler system, including the position of the main pipes, lateral branches, and the direction of water flow, along with a bill of quantities.

Formulas like Hazen-Williams or Darcy-Weisbach are used to calculate the friction loss in the main lines, aiding in optimizing pipe sizes.

The total dynamic head is the sum of the various head losses the water experiences throughout the sprinkler system.

This encompasses friction loss in the hose and mainline, head loss in the traveller, automatic valve, riser height, and elevation difference. It also includes the sprinkler operating pressure, 10% of the sum of the heads for fittings, and the suction head.

Total dynamic head is calculated as the sum of all the individual components of head loss that the water experiences in a sprinkler system.

The pump's required power is computed as the water flow rate multiplied by the total dynamic head and divided by the pump's efficiency. This equation determines the power needed to overcome pressure losses and deliver the water to the sprinklers.

Sprinkler operating pressure is the minimum pressure required at the sprinkler to ensure proper operation and distribution of water.

Friction loss is the energy loss that occurs as water flows through pipes and hoses due to resistance from the pipe's inner surface.

Head loss in a traveller refers to the pressure loss that occurs when the water flows through a traveller, a device that allows the hose to move along a path.

Head loss in an automatic valve refers to the pressure loss that occurs when water flows through an automatic valve, which controls the flow of water to the sprinklers.

The difference in elevation between the water source and the sprinklers, or the height the water needs to be lifted, is considered the elevation difference.

The time it takes to apply water using a sprinkler system, calculated by adding the time spent on each set and the time needed to move the lateral.

The number of sets irrigated per day, which is determined by the irrigation time and the total available time for irrigation within a day.

The pressure loss caused by friction as water flows through the lateral pipe, impacting the pressure and flow rate at the sprinklers.

The average pressure at the sprinklers, determined by considering the elevation difference, friction losses in the lateral, and the system head.

Steel pipes are known for their strength and ability to resist high pressures. They are durable and can last for many years. However, they are heavy, require threaded connections, and are more expensive. They are often used for permanent installations in risers, connector tubes, and similar applications.

Quick-coupling light steel pipes are made of lightweight steel and are easy to assemble and disassemble. Each pipe is equipped with a hand-lever quick coupling, making it quick to connect and disconnect for temporary use.

Quick-coupling aluminum pipes are light, strong, and durable, making them ideal for temporary installations. They are usually used above ground and are often used for sprinkler irrigation in portable installations.

Steel threaded pipes are usually supplied in random 6m lengths. They are assembled using threaded connections, which makes them suitable for permanent installation where repairs may be difficult.

Hot-dip galvanized steel pipes have a lifespan of 15-20 years in the atmosphere and 10-15 years in the soil, depending on soil conditions. This lifespan is affected by factors such as soil composition and contact with chemicals.

Quick Coupling light steel pipes have a standard length of 6m. The working pressure of these pipes ranges from 12.0 to 20.0 bars.

Aluminum pipes, being lighter than steel, are suitable for mobile sprinkler irrigation because they are easy to move. They are often used for lateral lines in portable sprinkler installations.

Quick coupling light steel pipes are often used as mains, submains, manifold feeder lines, and laterals with sprinklers. This makes them a versatile option for various irrigation systems.