Irrigation Systems Standards Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which organization initiated the formulation of the national standard for pressurized irrigation systems?

  • Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS)
  • Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD)
  • Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) (correct)
  • Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE)

What is the primary role of the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) according to the provided text?

  • To endorse standards for approval by the DA Secretary
  • To test the quality of agricultural and fisheries products
  • To develop standard specifications and test procedures for agricultural machinery and equipment (correct)
  • To fund agricultural research and development projects

Which Republic Act is also known as the Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law of 2013?

  • Republic Act 2013
  • Republic Act 10301
  • Republic Act 10602
  • Republic Act 10601 (correct)

Which of the following best describes the use of “shall” in the context of this standard?

<p>It indicates mandatory requirements for conformity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, who is responsible for the approval of the standard?

<p>The DA Secretary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the system capacity, $Q$, calculated as?

<p>$q \times N$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What body is responsible for setting the rules for the structure and drafting of international standards?

<p>Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'TDH' represent in the pump power calculation?

<p>Total dynamic head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the project that initiated this standard?

<p>Enhancement of nutrient and water use efficiency through standardization of engineering support systems for precision farming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for the pump power requirement calculation?

<p>The pump efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word should indicate in the context of this document?

<p>A recommended option among several possibilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In designing a sprinkler system, which of these is included in the 'map of design'?

<p>The system layout indicating mains and laterals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor in determining the sprinkler type?

<p>Jet trajectory and operating pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'w' represent in the sprinkler application rate formula?

<p>The portion of the circle receiving water (degrees) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sprinkler system has 100 sprinklers, each with a discharge of 0.05 m³/h. What is the total system capacity, Q?

<p>5 m³/h (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose for calculating the sprinkler’s application rate?

<p>To not exceed the soil's infiltration rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the sprinkler characteristics table, what is the approximate discharge of a sprinkler with nozzle diameters of 4.76 x 3.97 mm at a pressure of 345 kPa?

<p>0.68 L/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the system capacity formula provided, if a system has 3 laterals operating at a time, with 10 sprinklers per lateral, and each sprinkler has a discharge of $0.00028 m^3/s$, what is the system capacity in m³/h?

<p>30.24 m³/h (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowed total pressure variation in the laterals, expressed as a percentage of the design pressure?

<p>±10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first component to consider when calculating Total Dynamic Head for a sprinkler system?

<p>Sprinkler operating pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when selecting pipe sizes for mains and laterals, if the lateral runs up or downhill?

<p>Adjusting the allowance for the difference in elevation when determining head variation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when determining the friction loss in the main line?

<p>The position of the lateral that gives the highest friction loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the sum of all standard heads is added to account for fittings in Total Dynamic Head calculation?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended velocity in the main line?

<p>2 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT directly a component of Total Dynamic Head but is considered in system design?

<p>Pump efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the pump power requirement equation, what does 'Q' represent?

<p>System capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable friction loss in the laterals, expressed as a percentage of the average pressure?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate wetted diameter of a sprinkler with a nozzle size of 6.35 x 3.97 mm at a pressure of 276 kPa?

<p>31 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Map of Design', according to the content?

<p>To indicate the position of mains, laterals, and flow direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what should be considered when sizing components like fittings and pipes?

<p>Parameters computed during the system design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is NOT a required component to be sized or selected based on system design?

<p>Ground anchors for the pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'shed for the power components' mentioned in the text?

<p>To protect the power components from the elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key disadvantage of plastic pipes in comparison to steel threaded pipes?

<p>They suffer from continuous creep strength issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what length are steel threaded pipes typically supplied?

<p>Random lengths of 6 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of welded hot-dip galvanized steel pipes when buried in soil?

<p>Between 10-15 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of quick coupling light steel pipes?

<p>They are lightweight and easy to install or remove. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical working pressure range (PN) of quick coupling light steel pipes?

<p>12.0 to 20.0 bars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of quick coupling aluminum pipes in sprinkler irrigation setups?

<p>Moveable lateral lines above ground (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do quick coupling aluminum pipes compare in weight to the light steel pipes?

<p>About half the weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common nominal diameter sizes (DN) available for quick coupling light steel pipes?

<p>70, 76 and 89 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total irrigation time in hours if a single lateral is used per set, given a set time of 3.93 hours, 42 sets, and a move time of 1 hour?

<p>207 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two laterals are used per set, and the irrigation time per day is 17.8 hours with 21 total sets, approximately how many days of irrigation are required?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the system capacity, given 2 center pivots (Nc), 16 sections per center pivot (Ns), and a sprinkler flow rate of 3.24 m³/hr (q)?

<p>103.68 m³/hr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a lateral length of 195 m, a Hazen-Williams coefficient (C) of 120, and the specified pipe dimensions, what is the total friction loss (Hf) before adjustment?

<p>9.37 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average pressure head (Ha) given a design pressure (Hd) of 9.81 m, a friction loss (hf) of 3.56 m, and a lateral length of 195 m?

<p>29.1 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

National Standard Formulation

The process of developing a national standard for agricultural practices or equipment, ensuring quality, consistency, and conformity in the industry.

Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS)

An organization responsible for developing and promoting standards for agriculture and fisheries in the Philippines.

Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE)

A government agency focused on engineering aspects of agricultural development, including mechanization, irrigation, and infrastructure.

Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS)

A national organization responsible for developing and implementing standards for various industries in the Philippines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Design of a Pressurized Irrigation System

A standard that provides guidelines for designing and implementing irrigation systems that rely on pressurized water delivery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sprinkler Irrigation

A specific type of irrigation system where water is sprayed from sprinklers onto crops, often using pressurized pipes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standards Development Process

A framework or approach to creating standards that follows established guidelines and procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mandatory Requirements

Instructions or requirements that are considered essential for compliance with a standard.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Capacity (Q)

The total volume of water delivered by the sprinkler system per hour, calculated by multiplying the number of laterals operating, the number of sprinklers per lateral, and the discharge rate of each sprinkler.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Capacity

The total amount of water discharged by a sprinkler system per hour, calculated by multiplying the discharge of each sprinkler by the total number of sprinklers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pump Power Requirement

The power required to operate a pump in a sprinkler system, calculated using the system's capacity, total dynamic head, and pump efficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Pressure Variation

The pressure difference that occurs along the lateral lines, ideally kept within 10% of the design pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Allowance for Elevation

Adjusting the pressure calculations for laterals due to elevation changes along the sprinkler system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maximum Allowable Flow Rate

The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into the soil, ensuring the system doesn't oversaturate the ground.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Main Pipe Size

The main pipe's size must be large enough to supply water to all laterals, even when they are in their most demanding position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sprinkler Application Rate

The rate at which a sprinkler applies water to the ground, measured in millimeters per hour, calculated using the sprinkler's discharge, wetted radius, and the portion of the circle receiving water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wetted Radius

The distance from the center of a sprinkler to the edge of the area it covers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Highest Friction Loss Position

The lateral position that creates the highest friction loss in the main pipe should be considered when designing the system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Friction Loss in Laterals

The allowable friction loss in the lateral pipes is limited to 20% of the average pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sprinkler Selection

The specific type of sprinkler chosen based on its trajectory and the operating pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Velocity in Main Pipe

The velocity of water flow in the main pipe should be less than or equal to 2 meters per second.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Dynamic Head (TDH)

The total dynamic head (TDH) is the total pressure the pump needs to overcome to move water from the source to the sprinklers. It includes the height difference between the source and the sprinklers, the friction loss in the pipes, and the pressure loss due to fittings and other components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Map of Design

A map that displays the layout of a sprinkler system, including the position of the main pipes, lateral branches, and the direction of water flow, along with a bill of quantities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Friction Loss in Main Lines

Formulas like Hazen-Williams or Darcy-Weisbach are used to calculate the friction loss in the main lines, aiding in optimizing pipe sizes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is total dynamic head in a sprinkler system?

The total dynamic head is the sum of the various head losses the water experiences throughout the sprinkler system.

This encompasses friction loss in the hose and mainline, head loss in the traveller, automatic valve, riser height, and elevation difference. It also includes the sprinkler operating pressure, 10% of the sum of the heads for fittings, and the suction head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is total dynamic head (TDH) calculated?

Total dynamic head is calculated as the sum of all the individual components of head loss that the water experiences in a sprinkler system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is the power requirement for a sprinkler pump calculated?

The pump's required power is computed as the water flow rate multiplied by the total dynamic head and divided by the pump's efficiency. This equation determines the power needed to overcome pressure losses and deliver the water to the sprinklers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is sprinkler operating pressure?

Sprinkler operating pressure is the minimum pressure required at the sprinkler to ensure proper operation and distribution of water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is friction loss?

Friction loss is the energy loss that occurs as water flows through pipes and hoses due to resistance from the pipe's inner surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is head loss in a traveller?

Head loss in a traveller refers to the pressure loss that occurs when the water flows through a traveller, a device that allows the hose to move along a path.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is head loss in an automatic valve?

Head loss in an automatic valve refers to the pressure loss that occurs when water flows through an automatic valve, which controls the flow of water to the sprinklers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is elevation difference?

The difference in elevation between the water source and the sprinklers, or the height the water needs to be lifted, is considered the elevation difference.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Irrigation Time

The time it takes to apply water using a sprinkler system, calculated by adding the time spent on each set and the time needed to move the lateral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sets Per Day

The number of sets irrigated per day, which is determined by the irrigation time and the total available time for irrigation within a day.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Friction Loss (Hf)

The pressure loss caused by friction as water flows through the lateral pipe, impacting the pressure and flow rate at the sprinklers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Average Pressure Head (Ha)

The average pressure at the sprinklers, determined by considering the elevation difference, friction losses in the lateral, and the system head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Steel Threaded Pipes

Steel pipes are known for their strength and ability to resist high pressures. They are durable and can last for many years. However, they are heavy, require threaded connections, and are more expensive. They are often used for permanent installations in risers, connector tubes, and similar applications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quick Coupling Light Steel Pipes

Quick-coupling light steel pipes are made of lightweight steel and are easy to assemble and disassemble. Each pipe is equipped with a hand-lever quick coupling, making it quick to connect and disconnect for temporary use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quick Coupling Aluminum Pipes

Quick-coupling aluminum pipes are light, strong, and durable, making them ideal for temporary installations. They are usually used above ground and are often used for sprinkler irrigation in portable installations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Length and Assembly of Steel Pipes

Steel threaded pipes are usually supplied in random 6m lengths. They are assembled using threaded connections, which makes them suitable for permanent installation where repairs may be difficult.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lifespan of Steel Pipes

Hot-dip galvanized steel pipes have a lifespan of 15-20 years in the atmosphere and 10-15 years in the soil, depending on soil conditions. This lifespan is affected by factors such as soil composition and contact with chemicals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Length and Pressure of Light Steel Pipes

Quick Coupling light steel pipes have a standard length of 6m. The working pressure of these pipes ranges from 12.0 to 20.0 bars.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aluminum Pipes for Mobile Irrigation

Aluminum pipes, being lighter than steel, are suitable for mobile sprinkler irrigation because they are easy to move. They are often used for lateral lines in portable sprinkler installations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Applications of Light Steel Pipes

Quick coupling light steel pipes are often used as mains, submains, manifold feeder lines, and laterals with sprinklers. This makes them a versatile option for various irrigation systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Philippine National Standard for Design of a Pressurized Irrigation System – Part A: Sprinkler Irrigation

  • This standard outlines minimum requirements, criteria, and procedures for designing sprinkler irrigation systems, both periodic-move and continuous-move types.
  • The standard references other relevant documents, including PNS/BAFS/PAES 217:2017, for irrigation water requirements.
  • Key terms include average pressure, design pressure, distribution uniformity, irrigation period, and sprinkler irrigation.
  • Sprinkler spacing is a crucial design factor, with guidelines provided for various wind speeds (e.g., up to 10 km/hr, 10-15 km/hr, above 15 km/hr).
  • The recommended spacing is a percentage of the wetted diameter.
  • Sprinkler systems (set systems, periodic-move systems, and continuous-move systems) are detailed with various operating principles (hand-move systems, side-roll systems, end-tow systems, centre-pivot systems, and linear-move systems).
  • Materials for mainlines, submainlines, and laterals are covered in annex B.
  • Several design criteria are presented that account for various factors like crop types, soil types, and irrigation water sources, and the recommended standards to adhere to.
  • Data Requirements are detailed including topographic map specifications, land features, water resources data, and soil characteristics.
  • Final design procedures are provided encompassing sprinkler spacing, system capacity, pipe size selection, total dynamic head, pump and power selection, etc.
  • Formulas for various calculations are detailed to support design considerations such as net depth of water application (dnet), irrigation frequency (If), gross depth of water application (dgross) and preliminary system capacity (Qprelim).
  • Annexes provide additional information on sprinkler types, recommended materials, and specific computations crucial for sprinkler system design.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser