Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of irrigation?

  • To reduce the hazard of soil piping
  • To cool the soil and atmosphere
  • To supply moisture essential for plant growth (correct)
  • To dissolve nutrients present in the soil/fertilizer

    • Which of the following is a purpose of drainage?

  • To provide more available soil moisture and plant food (correct)
  • To delay bud formation by evaporative cooling
  • To provide crop insurance against short duration droughts
  • To cool the soil and atmosphere

    • What is the definition of irrigation according to Israelsen (1979)?

  • The process of leaching excess salts from soil
  • The application of water to soil for the purpose of supplying moisture essential for plant growth (correct)
  • The provision of crop insurance against short duration droughts
  • The natural and/or artificial removal of excess water from land

    • Which of the following is NOT a purpose of irrigation?

    <p>To facilitate early plowing and planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of drainage?

    <p>To lower the amount of water in the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common benefit of both irrigation and drainage?

    <p>Improving sanitary and health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of irrigation science?

    <p>From water sources to application and drainage channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the importance of irrigation in the Philippines?

    <p>Due to the unpredictable weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is drainage necessary in certain areas?

    <p>Because of excessive runoff and wasteful irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the engineer's main concern in soil-water-plant relations?

    <p>To know the optimum range of soil moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having too much or too little water in the soil?

    <p>It is detrimental to crop growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the department where Engr. Jose Carlo R. Dizon belongs?

    <p>Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle?

    <p>Real specific gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portion of the soil occupied by air and water?

    <p>Porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of soil solids?

    <p>Void ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average value of real specific gravity for most soils?

    <p>2.65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum rate of irrigation application to minimize application losses?

    <p>Equal to infiltration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following soil types has the least bulk density?

    <p>Sandy soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between soil moisture content and the number of slowed down neutrons?

    <p>The greater is the soil moisture content, the greater is the number of slowed down neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the soil moisture content at which plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil?

    <p>Permanent wilting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a weighing balance in the Graduated Cylinder Method?

    <p>To determine the weight of the soil sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the soil moisture tension when the soil is at permanent wilting point?

    <p>15 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the depth per unit depth of soil (d)?

    <p>Linear dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to compute the percent moisture content in the Graduated Cylinder Method?

    <p>PW = (V / A) x (P / G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is available moisture expressed as?

    <p>Percentage by weight, percentage by volume, or depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the sharp-edged cylinder used in the depth per unit depth of soil method?

    <p>150 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of available moisture that is readily available to plants?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature used for oven drying in the gravimetric method of soil moisture determination?

    <p>105°C to 1000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the wet soil column in the depth per unit depth of soil method?

    <ol start="6570"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the method that involves looking and getting a finger feel of the soil samples to estimate the moisture content?

    <p>Feel and appearance method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

    • Irrigation is the application of water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth, achieved through various purposes, including:
      • Adding water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth
      • Providing crop insurance against short-duration droughts
      • Cooling the soil and atmosphere
      • Washing out or diluting salts in the soil
      • Reducing the hazard of soil piping
      • Softening tillage pans and clods
      • Delaying bud formation by evaporative cooling
      • Reducing the hazard of frost
      • Dissolving nutrients present in the soil/fertilizer

    Drainage

    • Drainage is the natural and/or artificial removal of excess water from land to lower the amount of water in the field, achieved through various purposes, including:
      • Facilitating early plowing and planting
      • Lengthening the crop-growing season
      • Providing more available soil moisture and plant food
      • Enhancing soil ventilation
      • Decreasing soil erosion and gullying
      • Providing conditions favorable to growth of soil bacteria
      • Leaching excess salts from soil
      • Providing higher soil temperature
      • Improving sanitary and health conditions

    Soil Moisture Determination

    • Permanent Wilting Point (PWP): soil moisture content when plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil (approximately 15 atm)
    • Available Moisture (AM): difference in moisture content between field capacity and permanent wilting, representing moisture stored in soil for subsequent use by plants
    • Readily Available Moisture (RAM): portion of available moisture easily extracted by plants (approximately 75% of available moisture)

    Soil Moisture Determination Methods

    • Feel and Appearance Method (Field Method): estimating moisture content by looking and feeling the soil samples
    • Gravimetric Method: weighing the wet sample, oven-drying, and re-weighing to determine the amount of water removed

    Importance of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

    • In the Philippines, irrigation is necessary due to unpredictable rainfall, and drainage is crucial in areas with excessive runoff and low-lying areas

    Soil-Water-Plant Relations

    • Real Specific Gravity (Rs): ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle (average Rs of most soils = 2.65)
    • Porosity (n): volume of pores between solid particles, expressed as a percentage by volume
    • Void Ratio (e): ratio of the pore volume to the volume of soil solids
    • Particle Density (Pd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of soil particles (average Pd = 2.65 g/cm3)
    • Bulk Density ( Bd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to its volume (g/cm3)

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    Test your knowledge on irrigation and drainage engineering, covering topics such as the purpose of irrigation, its benefits, and its applications in agricultural and food engineering.

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