Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of irrigation?

  • To reduce the hazard of soil piping
  • To cool the soil and atmosphere
  • To supply moisture essential for plant growth (correct)
  • To dissolve nutrients present in the soil/fertilizer

Which of the following is a purpose of drainage?

  • To provide more available soil moisture and plant food (correct)
  • To delay bud formation by evaporative cooling
  • To provide crop insurance against short duration droughts
  • To cool the soil and atmosphere

What is the definition of irrigation according to Israelsen (1979)?

  • The process of leaching excess salts from soil
  • The application of water to soil for the purpose of supplying moisture essential for plant growth (correct)
  • The provision of crop insurance against short duration droughts
  • The natural and/or artificial removal of excess water from land

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of irrigation?

<p>To facilitate early plowing and planting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of drainage?

<p>To lower the amount of water in the field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common benefit of both irrigation and drainage?

<p>Improving sanitary and health conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of irrigation science?

<p>From water sources to application and drainage channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the importance of irrigation in the Philippines?

<p>Due to the unpredictable weather conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is drainage necessary in certain areas?

<p>Because of excessive runoff and wasteful irrigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the engineer's main concern in soil-water-plant relations?

<p>To know the optimum range of soil moisture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having too much or too little water in the soil?

<p>It is detrimental to crop growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the department where Engr. Jose Carlo R. Dizon belongs?

<p>Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle?

<p>Real specific gravity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the portion of the soil occupied by air and water?

<p>Porosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of soil solids?

<p>Void ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average value of real specific gravity for most soils?

<p>2.65 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum rate of irrigation application to minimize application losses?

<p>Equal to infiltration rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following soil types has the least bulk density?

<p>Sandy soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between soil moisture content and the number of slowed down neutrons?

<p>The greater is the soil moisture content, the greater is the number of slowed down neutrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the soil moisture content at which plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil?

<p>Permanent wilting point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a weighing balance in the Graduated Cylinder Method?

<p>To determine the weight of the soil sample. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the soil moisture tension when the soil is at permanent wilting point?

<p>15 atm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the depth per unit depth of soil (d)?

<p>Linear dimensions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to compute the percent moisture content in the Graduated Cylinder Method?

<p>PW = (V / A) x (P / G) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is available moisture expressed as?

<p>Percentage by weight, percentage by volume, or depth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the sharp-edged cylinder used in the depth per unit depth of soil method?

<p>150 mm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of available moisture that is readily available to plants?

<p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature used for oven drying in the gravimetric method of soil moisture determination?

<p>105°C to 1000°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the wet soil column in the depth per unit depth of soil method?

<ol start="6570"> <li>(C)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the method that involves looking and getting a finger feel of the soil samples to estimate the moisture content?

<p>Feel and appearance method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Irrigation

Application of water to soil for plant growth.

Drainage

Removal of excess water from land to improve soil conditions.

Permanent Wilting Point (PWP)

Moisture content when plants cannot extract enough water.

Available Moisture (AM)

Difference between field capacity and PWP, for plant use.

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Readily Available Moisture (RAM)

Easily extractable moisture portion from AM.

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Feel and Appearance Method

Estimating soil moisture by its look and feel.

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Gravimetric Method

Weighing a wet soil sample, drying it, then weighing again.

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Real Specific Gravity (Rs)

Weight ratio of soil particle to equal water volume.

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Porosity (n)

Volume of pores between soil particles, as a percentage.

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Void Ratio (e)

Ratio of pore volume to the soil solids volume.

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Particle Density (Pd)

Ratio of dry weight of soil to the particle volume.

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Bulk Density (Bd)

Ratio of dry weight to the total soil volume.

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Soil Moisture

Water contained within the soil necessary for plants.

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Evaporative Cooling

Cooling effect provided by water evaporation.

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Soil Piping

Erosion of soil due to excess water flow underneath.

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Soil Salinity

Salt concentration in soil affecting moisture balance.

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Soil Bacteria

Microorganisms that enhance soil health and nutrient cycling.

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Cool Temperature

Lower soil temperature favored by irrigation.

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Crop Insurance

Irrigation acts as insurance against drought.

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Sanitary Conditions

Health conditions improved by proper drainage.

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Soil Erosion

Loss of the topsoil layer due to water or wind.

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Crop Growing Season

Period where conditions allow crops to grow.

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Field Capacity

Maximum water soil can hold after excess drains away.

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Nutrient Dissolution

Process of nutrients dissolving in soil water.

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Irrigation Necessity in Philippines

Irrigation crucial due to unpredictable rainfall.

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Frost Hazard Reduction

Irrigation can help reduce frost damage.

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Softening Tillage Clods

Irrigation helps break up hard soil lumps.

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Study Notes

Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

  • Irrigation is the application of water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth, achieved through various purposes, including:
    • Adding water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth
    • Providing crop insurance against short-duration droughts
    • Cooling the soil and atmosphere
    • Washing out or diluting salts in the soil
    • Reducing the hazard of soil piping
    • Softening tillage pans and clods
    • Delaying bud formation by evaporative cooling
    • Reducing the hazard of frost
    • Dissolving nutrients present in the soil/fertilizer

Drainage

  • Drainage is the natural and/or artificial removal of excess water from land to lower the amount of water in the field, achieved through various purposes, including:
    • Facilitating early plowing and planting
    • Lengthening the crop-growing season
    • Providing more available soil moisture and plant food
    • Enhancing soil ventilation
    • Decreasing soil erosion and gullying
    • Providing conditions favorable to growth of soil bacteria
    • Leaching excess salts from soil
    • Providing higher soil temperature
    • Improving sanitary and health conditions

Soil Moisture Determination

  • Permanent Wilting Point (PWP): soil moisture content when plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil (approximately 15 atm)
  • Available Moisture (AM): difference in moisture content between field capacity and permanent wilting, representing moisture stored in soil for subsequent use by plants
  • Readily Available Moisture (RAM): portion of available moisture easily extracted by plants (approximately 75% of available moisture)

Soil Moisture Determination Methods

  • Feel and Appearance Method (Field Method): estimating moisture content by looking and feeling the soil samples
  • Gravimetric Method: weighing the wet sample, oven-drying, and re-weighing to determine the amount of water removed

Importance of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

  • In the Philippines, irrigation is necessary due to unpredictable rainfall, and drainage is crucial in areas with excessive runoff and low-lying areas

Soil-Water-Plant Relations

  • Real Specific Gravity (Rs): ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle (average Rs of most soils = 2.65)
  • Porosity (n): volume of pores between solid particles, expressed as a percentage by volume
  • Void Ratio (e): ratio of the pore volume to the volume of soil solids
  • Particle Density (Pd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of soil particles (average Pd = 2.65 g/cm3)
  • Bulk Density ( Bd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to its volume (g/cm3)

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Test your knowledge on irrigation and drainage engineering, covering topics such as the purpose of irrigation, its benefits, and its applications in agricultural and food engineering.

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