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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of irrigation?
Which of the following is a purpose of drainage?
What is the definition of irrigation according to Israelsen (1979)?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of irrigation?
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What is the main goal of drainage?
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What is a common benefit of both irrigation and drainage?
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What is the scope of irrigation science?
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What is the main reason for the importance of irrigation in the Philippines?
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Why is drainage necessary in certain areas?
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What is the engineer's main concern in soil-water-plant relations?
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What is the result of having too much or too little water in the soil?
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What is the name of the department where Engr. Jose Carlo R. Dizon belongs?
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What is the ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle?
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What is the portion of the soil occupied by air and water?
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What is the ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of soil solids?
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What is the average value of real specific gravity for most soils?
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What is the maximum rate of irrigation application to minimize application losses?
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Which of the following soil types has the least bulk density?
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What is the correlation between soil moisture content and the number of slowed down neutrons?
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What is the soil moisture content at which plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil?
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What is the purpose of using a weighing balance in the Graduated Cylinder Method?
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What is the soil moisture tension when the soil is at permanent wilting point?
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What is the unit of measurement for the depth per unit depth of soil (d)?
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What is the formula used to compute the percent moisture content in the Graduated Cylinder Method?
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What is available moisture expressed as?
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What is the diameter of the sharp-edged cylinder used in the depth per unit depth of soil method?
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What is the approximate percentage of available moisture that is readily available to plants?
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What is the temperature used for oven drying in the gravimetric method of soil moisture determination?
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What is the weight of the wet soil column in the depth per unit depth of soil method?
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What is the name of the method that involves looking and getting a finger feel of the soil samples to estimate the moisture content?
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Study Notes
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Irrigation is the application of water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth, achieved through various purposes, including:
- Adding water to soil to supply moisture essential for plant growth
- Providing crop insurance against short-duration droughts
- Cooling the soil and atmosphere
- Washing out or diluting salts in the soil
- Reducing the hazard of soil piping
- Softening tillage pans and clods
- Delaying bud formation by evaporative cooling
- Reducing the hazard of frost
- Dissolving nutrients present in the soil/fertilizer
Drainage
- Drainage is the natural and/or artificial removal of excess water from land to lower the amount of water in the field, achieved through various purposes, including:
- Facilitating early plowing and planting
- Lengthening the crop-growing season
- Providing more available soil moisture and plant food
- Enhancing soil ventilation
- Decreasing soil erosion and gullying
- Providing conditions favorable to growth of soil bacteria
- Leaching excess salts from soil
- Providing higher soil temperature
- Improving sanitary and health conditions
Soil Moisture Determination
- Permanent Wilting Point (PWP): soil moisture content when plants can no longer extract sufficient moisture from the soil (approximately 15 atm)
- Available Moisture (AM): difference in moisture content between field capacity and permanent wilting, representing moisture stored in soil for subsequent use by plants
- Readily Available Moisture (RAM): portion of available moisture easily extracted by plants (approximately 75% of available moisture)
Soil Moisture Determination Methods
- Feel and Appearance Method (Field Method): estimating moisture content by looking and feeling the soil samples
- Gravimetric Method: weighing the wet sample, oven-drying, and re-weighing to determine the amount of water removed
Importance of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- In the Philippines, irrigation is necessary due to unpredictable rainfall, and drainage is crucial in areas with excessive runoff and low-lying areas
Soil-Water-Plant Relations
- Real Specific Gravity (Rs): ratio of the weight of a single particle of soil to the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of soil particle (average Rs of most soils = 2.65)
- Porosity (n): volume of pores between solid particles, expressed as a percentage by volume
- Void Ratio (e): ratio of the pore volume to the volume of soil solids
- Particle Density (Pd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of soil particles (average Pd = 2.65 g/cm3)
- Bulk Density ( Bd): ratio of the dry weight of the soil to its volume (g/cm3)
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Description
Test your knowledge on irrigation and drainage engineering, covering topics such as the purpose of irrigation, its benefits, and its applications in agricultural and food engineering.
