Irreversible Cell Injury and Cell Death

Which of the following is a state of irreversible cell injury?

What is the main characteristic of irreversible cell injury in necrosis?

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the formation of a gelatinous substance in dead tissues?

What is the process of disintegration of the cell by its own hydrolytic enzymes called?

Which nuclear change may occur in irreversible cell injury in necrosis and involves condensation of nuclear chromatin?

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the digestion of dead cells to form a viscous liquid mass?

In which condition is caseous necrosis commonly found?

What is the special form of cell death occurring at two anatomically different locations but morphologically similar lesions?

What is the main characteristic of gangrene?

Which type of necrosis resembles dry cheese and is soft, granular, and yellowish?

Where is fat necrosis commonly found?

Which type of necrosis results in the formation of a cyst wall?

What condition combines features of both coagulative and liquefactive necrosis?

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the bright eosinophilic, hyaline-like deposition in the vessel wall?

What is a characteristic feature of fat necrosis when observed microscopically?

Types of Irreversible Cell Injury

Irreversible cell injury refers to the stage where a cell can no longer recover from damage, often leading to necrosis.
Main characteristic of irreversible cell injury in necrosis includes loss of membrane integrity and cellular architecture.

Types of Necrosis

Caseous necrosis: Characterized by a cheese-like (caseous) consistency; commonly found in tuberculosis infections.
Liquefactive necrosis: Involves digestion of dead cells leading to a viscous liquid mass, often occurring in the brain following a stroke.
Fat necrosis: Primarily found in pancreatic tissue, resulting from the breakdown of lipids and the release of fatty acids.
Coagulative necrosis: Resembles dry cheese, presenting as a soft, granular, yellowish mass, typically seen in myocardial infarction.

Cellular Processes and Changes in Necrosis

Autolysis: The process of cell disintegration by its own hydrolytic enzymes.
Nuclear changes: In irreversible injury, condensation of nuclear chromatin, known as pyknosis, occurs.
Formation of a cyst wall is characteristic of necrosis where the body isolates dead tissue.

Gangrene and Nectrotic Forms

Gangrene: Main characteristic is the presence of blackened necrotic tissue, often caused by a lack of blood flow.
Special form of cell death may exhibit similar morphological lesions at distinct anatomical locations, known as metaplastic necrosis.
A particular type of necrosis that combines features of both coagulative and liquefactive processes is designated as serous necrosis.
Bright eosinophilic hyaline-like deposition in vessel walls is characteristic of hyaline necrosis.

Microscopic Features

Fat necrosis microscopically shows necrotic adipocytes with saponification, a process where free fatty acids bind with calcium.

Test your knowledge of irreversible cell injury, including autolysis, necrosis, apoptosis, gangrene, pathologic calcification, and somatic death. Understand the processes and changes associated with irreversible cell damage.