Heme / Lymph Lec 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of anemia of inflammation?

Enhanced red blood cell production

Decreased erythropoietin production

Impaired iron utilization (correct)

Increased erythrocyte lifespan

Which of the following lab results is typically seen in anemia of chronic disease?

Normal or low ferritin levels (correct)

High serum iron levels

Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Elevated transferrin saturation

What is the mechanism of anemia in chronic diseases such as infections or malignancies?

Cytokine-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis (correct)

Enhanced iron absorption in the gut

Hemolysis of red blood cells

Decreased erythropoietin secretion

Which parameter is often used to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease?

Serum ferritin levels Signup and view all the answers

In anemia of inflammation, which of the following is most affected?

Bone marrow response to erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What effect does chronic disease have on iron metabolism in anemia of chronic disease?

Decreased iron utilization in red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test result may be misleading in distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation?

% Serum ferritin levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of anemia of inflammation on peripheral blood smear examination?

Target cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of anemia of chronic disease?

Hyperpigmentation Signup and view all the answers

"Anemia of Inflammation" primarily affects:

"Bone marrow function" Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is characterized by cells that are smaller than usual?

Microcytic Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical MCV range for macrocytic anemia?

>100 fL Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with defective DNA synthesis leading to macrocytic anemia?

B12 Deficiency Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of normochromic anemia?

Normal hemoglobin concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common etiology of microcytic anemia?

Renal Disease Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anemia, what is the significance of a reticulocyte count in the initial evaluation?

Measuring bone marrow activity Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with normocytic anemia, which part of the RBC indices should be analyzed to confirm this diagnosis?

MCV Signup and view all the answers

'Hypochromic' in hypochromic anemia refers to:

< 80 fL MCV range Signup and view all the answers

'Normocytic' in normocytic anemia means:

< 100 fL MCV range Signup and view all the answers

'Macrocytic' in macrocytic anemia indicates:

> 100 fL MCV range Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hematopathology

Classification of Hematopathology based on lineages:
- Erythrocyte disorders
- WBC disorders
- Hematopathology
- Plasma cell disorders
- Platelet disorders

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell differentiation and lineages
Stem cells play a role in hematopoietic and lymphoreticular diseases

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Definition: blood test that evaluates cells that circulate in blood
Components:
- White Blood Cell (WBC) count with or without a differential
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) count
- Hemoglobin (Hgb or Hb)
- Hematocrit (Hct)
- RBC indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW
- Platelet count with or without MPV and/or PDW

RBC Indices

MCV: measures RBC size
MCH: measures the amount of Hgb per cell
MCHC: measures the concentration of Hgb in each RBC
RDW: measures the variation in RBC size
Descriptors:
- MCHC: normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic
- MCV: normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic

Anemia

Causes:
- Decreased production
- Blood loss (hemorrhage)
- Increased destruction
Types:
- Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia (too many cells)
- Anemia (too few cells)
Disorders of decreased production:
- Lack of raw materials: Iron deficiency anemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Folate deficiency anemia, Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency anemia
- Enzyme defects: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
- Immune mediated: Rh disease of the newborn, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Infections: Malaria and other parasitic infections

Iron Studies

Iron panel tests:
- Ferritin: protein that stores iron
- Transferrin: protein that transports iron in the blood
- TIBC: total iron binding capacity
- Iron saturation %: calculated by dividing serum iron by TIBC and multiplying by 100

Anemia Characterization

Based on morphology:
- Microcytic: cells are smaller than usual
- Hypochromic: less than normal amount of hemoglobin
- Normocytic: cells are normal sized
- Normochromic: normal hemoglobin concentration
- Macrocytic: cells are larger than usual

Laboratory Tests

Reticulocyte count: measures the number of immature RBCs
Hemoglobin electrophoresis: measures the different types of hemoglobin
Iron studies: measures iron levels and binding capacity
Blood smear: evaluates morphology of RBCs
Osmotic fragility test: measures the ability of RBCs to withstand changes in osmolality

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Description

This quiz covers iron studies including Ferritin, Transferrin, TIBC, Serum Iron, and Iron Saturation tests. Understand the roles of these components in diagnosing anemia and hemolytic conditions.