20 Questions
What is the primary cause of anemia of inflammation?
Impaired iron utilization
Which of the following lab results is typically seen in anemia of chronic disease?
Normal or low ferritin levels
What is the mechanism of anemia in chronic diseases such as infections or malignancies?
Cytokine-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis
Which parameter is often used to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease?
Serum ferritin levels
In anemia of inflammation, which of the following is most affected?
Bone marrow response to erythropoietin
What effect does chronic disease have on iron metabolism in anemia of chronic disease?
Decreased iron utilization in red blood cell production
Which lab test result may be misleading in distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation?
% Serum ferritin levels
What is the characteristic feature of anemia of inflammation on peripheral blood smear examination?
Target cells
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of anemia of chronic disease?
Hyperpigmentation
"Anemia of Inflammation" primarily affects:
"Bone marrow function"
Which type of anemia is characterized by cells that are smaller than usual?
Microcytic
What is the typical MCV range for macrocytic anemia?
>100 fL
Which condition is associated with defective DNA synthesis leading to macrocytic anemia?
B12 Deficiency Anemia
What is the primary characteristic of normochromic anemia?
Normal hemoglobin concentration
Which of the following is NOT a common etiology of microcytic anemia?
Renal Disease
In the context of anemia, what is the significance of a reticulocyte count in the initial evaluation?
Measuring bone marrow activity
If a patient presents with normocytic anemia, which part of the RBC indices should be analyzed to confirm this diagnosis?
MCV
'Hypochromic' in hypochromic anemia refers to:
< 80 fL MCV range
'Normocytic' in normocytic anemia means:
< 100 fL MCV range
'Macrocytic' in macrocytic anemia indicates:
> 100 fL MCV range
Study Notes
Hematopathology
- Classification of Hematopathology based on lineages:
- Erythrocyte disorders
- WBC disorders
- Hematopathology
- Plasma cell disorders
- Platelet disorders
Hematopoiesis
- Blood cell differentiation and lineages
- Stem cells play a role in hematopoietic and lymphoreticular diseases
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Definition: blood test that evaluates cells that circulate in blood
- Components:
- White Blood Cell (WBC) count with or without a differential
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) count
- Hemoglobin (Hgb or Hb)
- Hematocrit (Hct)
- RBC indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW
- Platelet count with or without MPV and/or PDW
RBC Indices
- MCV: measures RBC size
- MCH: measures the amount of Hgb per cell
- MCHC: measures the concentration of Hgb in each RBC
- RDW: measures the variation in RBC size
- Descriptors:
- MCHC: normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic
- MCV: normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic
Anemia
- Causes:
- Decreased production
- Blood loss (hemorrhage)
- Increased destruction
- Types:
- Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia (too many cells)
- Anemia (too few cells)
- Disorders of decreased production:
- Lack of raw materials: Iron deficiency anemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Folate deficiency anemia, Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency anemia
- Enzyme defects: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
- Immune mediated: Rh disease of the newborn, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Infections: Malaria and other parasitic infections
Iron Studies
- Iron panel tests:
- Ferritin: protein that stores iron
- Transferrin: protein that transports iron in the blood
- TIBC: total iron binding capacity
- Iron saturation %: calculated by dividing serum iron by TIBC and multiplying by 100
Anemia Characterization
- Based on morphology:
- Microcytic: cells are smaller than usual
- Hypochromic: less than normal amount of hemoglobin
- Normocytic: cells are normal sized
- Normochromic: normal hemoglobin concentration
- Macrocytic: cells are larger than usual
Laboratory Tests
- Reticulocyte count: measures the number of immature RBCs
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis: measures the different types of hemoglobin
- Iron studies: measures iron levels and binding capacity
- Blood smear: evaluates morphology of RBCs
- Osmotic fragility test: measures the ability of RBCs to withstand changes in osmolality
This quiz covers iron studies including Ferritin, Transferrin, TIBC, Serum Iron, and Iron Saturation tests. Understand the roles of these components in diagnosing anemia and hemolytic conditions.
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