Industrial Revolution

What was the primary fuel source for iron ore production before the introduction of coke?

Charcoal

Who combined the processes of puddling and rolling to make large-scale production of pig iron possible?

Henry Cort

What was the primary purpose of early steam engines developed by Thomas Savery and Newcomen?

To pump water from mines

What was the result of the increased demand for coal in the 18th century?

The opening of new mines and deepening of older mines Signup and view all the answers

Who developed an improved version of the steam engine in 1769?

James Watt Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the partnership between James Watt and Matthew Boulton in 1775?

To manufacture the steam engines Signup and view all the answers

What significant improvement did the New Leicester breed of cattle bring to beef production?

Stronger, better quality, and larger sized animals Signup and view all the answers

What replaced small workshops and local workers' cottages in the production of goods during the Industrial Revolution?

The factory system Signup and view all the answers

What powered machines in the early factories, before the use of steam and electricity?

Water, with waterwheels Signup and view all the answers

What invention by John Kay in 1733 improved the efficiency of weaving on hand-looms?

The Flying Shuttle Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the first factories of the Industrial Revolution?

Cotton mills Signup and view all the answers

What innovation in textile production was made possible by the combination of technological innovations and knowledge during the Industrial Revolution?

The factory system Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of James Hargreaves' invention in 1765?

It could spin 8 threads at a time, increasing the supply of yarn. Signup and view all the answers

What was the improvement of Richard Arkwright's spinning frame in 1768?

It could be powered by a waterwheel, improving James Hargreaves' invention. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Samuel Crompton's invention in 1779?

It combined the spinning jenny's carriage and the water frame's rollers, allowing a single source to spin multiple machines. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of steam power on textile production?

It allowed mill owners to build mills in cities, closer to a constant supply of workers and potential customers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the introduction of machines on weavers?

They were replaced by workers who only had to feed raw cotton or yarn into machines. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of mill owners' desire for increased profits?

It led to long hours for low pay, bad conditions, and the exploitation of workers, especially women and children. Signup and view all the answers