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Questions and Answers
Which region became an important ore-producing locale and a center of steel production?
What material were iron and steel furnaces mostly made of until the Civil War?
How were furnaces redesigned in the 1870s?
What industry did the steel industry's need for lubrication help create in the late nineteenth century?
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Which two individuals developed the process for converting iron into steel?
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What factor contributed to the emergence of the steel industry in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio?
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What impact did the development of the Bessemer process have on steel production?
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Which process for converting iron into steel took its name from an Englishman?
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What was the main reason for the increase in iron production in the 1870s and 1880s?
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Which type of coal was initially used as fuel in the new forms of steel production?
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What were the new centers of steel production that grew up near the important ore-producing locales in the United States?
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What were the new transportation systems that emerged to serve the steel industry in the Great Lakes region?
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What industry did the steel industry's need for lubrication help create in the late nineteenth century?
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What were the petroleum reserves in western Pennsylvania primarily used for in the late nineteenth century?
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Study Notes
Region and Industry Development
- The region of western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio became an important ore-producing locale and a center of steel production.
Furnace Materials and Design
- Until the Civil War, iron and steel furnaces were mostly made of stone or brick.
- In the 1870s, furnaces were redesigned to be larger and more efficient.
Development of Steel Production
- The Bessemer process, developed by Henry Bessemer, allowed for mass production of steel.
- The Bessemer process contributed to the emergence of the steel industry in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.
- The process for converting iron into steel was also developed by Robert Mushet.
Factors and Materials Used
- The availability of iron ore and coal deposits contributed to the emergence of the steel industry in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.
- Bituminous coal was initially used as fuel in the new forms of steel production.
New Centers and Transportation Systems
- New centers of steel production grew up near the important ore-producing locales in the United States, including western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.
- The steel industry in the Great Lakes region was served by new transportation systems, including railroads and ships.
Lubrication and Petroleum
- The steel industry's need for lubrication helped create the petroleum industry in the late nineteenth century.
- Petroleum reserves in western Pennsylvania were primarily used for lubrication in the late nineteenth century.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the technology of iron and steel production in the United States during the 19th century. Learn about the rise of iron and steel production, driven by the demand for railroads, and the advancements made during the 1870s and 1880s.
