32 Questions
Which type of anaemia is the most common worldwide?
Iron deficiency anaemia
What is the main reason for inadequate dietary intake of iron in both developing and developed countries?
Predominantly vegetable diet
Which of the following conditions can contribute to increased iron loss?
Menorrhagia
In which type of countries is hookworm infection commonly associated with iron deficiency anaemia?
Developing countries
What is the most common symptom of iron-deficiency anemia in children?
Pallor of mucous membranes
Which group of people is at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia?
Vegans or vegetarians
Which of the following is an iron-rich food that can help prevent iron deficiency anemia?
Spinach
Which type of iron is found in red and organ meats, poultry, and fish?
Haem iron
Which type of iron is found in cereals, green leafy vegetables, and beans?
Non-haem iron
What is the primary role of hepcidin in iron metabolism?
Regulating iron release from macrophages and enterocytes
Which protein facilitates the export of iron from the duodenal epithelial cell into the bloodstream?
Ferroportin 1
What is the main role of plasma transferrin in the iron absorption pathway?
Transporting iron from the duodenal epithelial cell to the blood capillary
What is the effect of increased hepcidin levels on iron availability?
Decreased availability of iron for absorption
Which form of iron is absorbed at a higher rate in the body?
Fe2+
What factors can increase the absorption of iron?
Low Fe status, pregnancy, animal foods
What factors can decrease the absorption of iron?
Phytate, calcium, some phenolic compounds
How does hepcidin regulate iron absorption in the body?
By inhibiting iron transport across the intestinal epithelium
What is the effect of increased hepcidin levels on iron availability?
Improved iron utilization by erythrocytes
Which condition is associated with ineffective erythropoiesis?
Increased iron absorption
Which factors can decrease the absorption of iron?
Phytates (whole wheat), tea, coffee, milk
Which condition can lead to decreased iron absorption due to impaired production of red blood cells?
Decreased erythropoiesis
What is the percentage of iron in ferritin?
20%
Which protein-iron complex is visible as blue granules in macrophages after reaction with Pearl's/Prussian stain?
Hemosiderin
Which protein-iron complex is water-soluble and not visible in microscopy?
Ferritin
Which protein-iron complex serves as the primary storage form of iron in the body?
Ferritin
Which of the following is a consequence of iron deficiency anaemia?
Decreased immune function
Which marker is reduced in iron deficiency due to depleted iron stores?
Serum ferritin
Which of the following is NOT the causes of insufficient Fe for synthesis of haemoglobin and other Fe-containing proteins.
Increase psychomotor and mental development
Which investigations are commonly performed to assess iron deficiency?
FBC, blood film, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC
What is the definition of iron deficiency?
Presence of depleted iron stores with or without functional or health impairment
What is the recommended management approach for iron deficiency?
Treatment of the underlying cause and iron supplementation
When does iron deficiency anemia occur?
When there is inadequate iron for hemoglobin synthesis
Test your knowledge on nutritional anaemias and specifically iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Learn about the common causes of IDA, including inadequate dietary intake and poor iron absorption. Find out how this condition affects a significant portion of the world population and explore the potential pathologic conditions that can lead to IDA.
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