Iron Deficiency Anaemia
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Questions and Answers

Which type of anaemia is the most common worldwide?

  • Iron deficiency anaemia (correct)
  • Folate deficiency anaemia
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • What is the main reason for inadequate dietary intake of iron in both developing and developed countries?

  • Excessive meat consumption
  • Lack of fortified foods
  • Predominantly vegetable diet (correct)
  • Poor appetite
  • Which of the following conditions can contribute to increased iron loss?

  • Menorrhagia (correct)
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Excessive iron intake
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • In which type of countries is hookworm infection commonly associated with iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

    <p>Pallor of mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people is at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia?

    <p>Vegans or vegetarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an iron-rich food that can help prevent iron deficiency anemia?

    <p>Spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of iron is found in red and organ meats, poultry, and fish?

    <p>Haem iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of iron is found in cereals, green leafy vegetables, and beans?

    <p>Non-haem iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hepcidin in iron metabolism?

    <p>Regulating iron release from macrophages and enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein facilitates the export of iron from the duodenal epithelial cell into the bloodstream?

    <p>Ferroportin 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of plasma transferrin in the iron absorption pathway?

    <p>Transporting iron from the duodenal epithelial cell to the blood capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased hepcidin levels on iron availability?

    <p>Decreased availability of iron for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of iron is absorbed at a higher rate in the body?

    <p>Fe2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can increase the absorption of iron?

    <p>Low Fe status, pregnancy, animal foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can decrease the absorption of iron?

    <p>Phytate, calcium, some phenolic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hepcidin regulate iron absorption in the body?

    <p>By inhibiting iron transport across the intestinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased hepcidin levels on iron availability?

    <p>Improved iron utilization by erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with ineffective erythropoiesis?

    <p>Increased iron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can decrease the absorption of iron?

    <p>Phytates (whole wheat), tea, coffee, milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased iron absorption due to impaired production of red blood cells?

    <p>Decreased erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of iron in ferritin?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein-iron complex is visible as blue granules in macrophages after reaction with Pearl's/Prussian stain?

    <p>Hemosiderin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein-iron complex is water-soluble and not visible in microscopy?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein-iron complex serves as the primary storage form of iron in the body?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Decreased immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marker is reduced in iron deficiency due to depleted iron stores?

    <p>Serum ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT the causes of insufficient Fe for synthesis of haemoglobin and other Fe-containing proteins.

    <p>Increase psychomotor and mental development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigations are commonly performed to assess iron deficiency?

    <p>FBC, blood film, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of iron deficiency?

    <p>Presence of depleted iron stores with or without functional or health impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management approach for iron deficiency?

    <p>Treatment of the underlying cause and iron supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does iron deficiency anemia occur?

    <p>When there is inadequate iron for hemoglobin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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