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Questions and Answers
What is a primary symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia in children?
What distinguishes sickle cell trait from sickle cell anemia?
Which type of crisis is characterized by the obstruction of blood flow due to sickle-shaped cells?
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
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In beta thalassemia, what is a common manifestation seen in affected children?
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What are common signs and symptoms associated with iron deficiency anemia in children?
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What is an appropriate recommendation for parents regarding iron supplementation?
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Which of the following is a prevention measure for iron deficiency anemia in infants?
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Which characteristic distinguishes sickle cell trait from sickle cell anemia?
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What is a common symptom of a vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell anemia?
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Which of the following interventions is appropriate during a sickle cell crisis?
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At what age are premature infants particularly susceptible to iron deficiency anemia?
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Which of the following statements about iron-rich food is true?
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What is a recommended nursing care strategy for managing alopecia in children undergoing chemotherapy?
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Which preventive measures are essential for managing Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)?
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What should a nurse educate parents about when managing nausea and vomiting in a child undergoing chemotherapy?
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What symptom should families monitor for when chemotherapy causes neurotoxic effects?
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What immediate nursing intervention is appropriate for a child with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential complication that requires nursing care in cancer patients?
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What should families be taught about the outcome of alopecia following cancer treatment?
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What educational content is vital for managing risks associated with opioid use in patients with cancer-related pain?
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What is the purpose of using tumor markers in cancer diagnosis?
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Which of the following is a common environmental factor that increases the risk of childhood cancer?
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What is a characteristic symptom of neuroblastoma in children?
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Which statement is true regarding biopsy procedures in cancer diagnosis?
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Which growth factor is used to manage bone marrow suppression during chemotherapy?
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What symptom might indicate leukemia in a child?
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Which viral infection has been linked to Burkitt's lymphoma?
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How are gastrointestinal issues from chemotherapy typically managed?
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What is a potential consequence of decreased mucosal surface area in the small intestine?
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Which nutritional approach is recommended for managing bacterial overgrowth in malabsorptive disorders?
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What complication might occur following malrotation or volvulus surgeries?
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What is a hallmark symptom of Hirschsprung's disease in infants?
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Which of the following treatments may be necessary for children with Hirschsprung's disease?
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What is a serious complication of intussusception?
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Which symptoms are commonly associated with intussusception?
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What diagnostic tool is often used for both diagnosing and treating intussusception?
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Study Notes
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, irritability, tachycardia, and growth delays.
- Management includes iron supplementation, dietary modifications, and follow-up labs.
- Parents should be educated to give iron between meals, with vitamin C, and avoid giving with dairy.
- Prevention and treatment includes screening at-risk populations, encouraging breastfeeding with iron-fortified formula, delaying cow's milk until 12 months, and an iron-rich diet.
- Premature infants are more susceptible, with symptoms occurring around 4-6 months.
Sickle Cell Anemia
- Sickle cell trait: A carrier state with no symptoms, but still able to pass the gene to children
- Sickle cell anemia: A genetic disease where red blood cells have a crescent shape and can block blood flow, causing pain and organ damage.
- Symptoms of a crisis: Severe pain (vasoocclusive), swelling and pain in the spleen (sequestration), chest pain and shortness of breath (acute chest syndrome), strokes (infarctions).
- Nursing interventions: Pain management, oxygen therapy, hydration, monitoring of vital signs, and blood transfusions.
Beta Thalassemia (Cooley Anemia)
- Pathophysiology: A genetic blood disorder where the body produces a defective form of hemoglobin leading to reduced red blood cell production.
- Manifestations: Pale skin, fatigue, weakness, jaundice, slow growth, and enlarged spleen.
- Nursing care: Blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and monitoring for complications.
Aplastic Anemia
- Pathophysiology: A rare blood disorder where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells.
- Manifestations: Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, bruising, and bleeding.
- Nursing care: Supportive care, bone marrow transplants, and medications to stimulate bone marrow production.
Blood Transfusions
- Hemolytic transfusion reaction: Occurs when the recipient's immune system reacts to the donor blood.
- Symptoms: Fever, chills, hypotension, back pain, and hemoglobinuria.
- Priority nursing interventions: Stop the transfusion, notify the physician, administer fluids and medications, and monitor closely for complications.
Appendicitis
- Signs/Symptoms: Abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
- Peritonitis: Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity caused by a ruptured appendix, resulting in severe pain, fever, and abdominal distention.
- Care and prognosis: Surgical removal of the appendix is required, with a good prognosis if treated promptly before rupture.
Hirschsprung's Disease
- Condition: A congenital disorder where there is a lack of nerve cells in the colon leading to intestinal obstruction.
- Signs/Symptoms: Constipation with a distended abdomen, vomiting, and inability to pass meconium.
- Treatment: Surgical resection of the constricted section of the colon.
Intussusception
- Pathophysiology: Telescoping of a portion of the intestine into itself.
- Signs/Symptoms: Sudden abdominal pain, bloody, currant jelly-like stool, vomiting, and lethargy.
- Evaluation and Treatment: Barium enema or gas enema can be used to diagnose and sometimes treat intussusception. Surgery may be required.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about Iron Deficiency Anemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, including symptoms, management strategies, and preventative measures. It also discusses the implications of sickle cell trait and the genetic nature of the disease. Enhance your understanding of these common hematological conditions.