36 Questions
Which form of dietary iron is derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin of animal food sources?
Heme iron
What is the approximate daily iron loss from menses in women of childbearing age?
1 mg
Which form of dietary iron is better absorbed by the body?
Heme iron
Where does absorption of ferrous iron primarily occur in the gastrointestinal tract?
Proximal duodenum
What percentage of dietary iron is typically absorbed by the body?
10%
Which condition is characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron?
Hemochromatosis
What is the primary cause of primary hemochromatosis?
Hepcidin deficiency
Which organ is NOT commonly affected by iron deposition in hemochromatosis?
Brain
What causes hemosiderosis in the reticuloendothelial system?
Multiple blood transfusions
What is the function of ferritin in the body?
Iron carrier protein
In iron overload conditions, what is the role of transferrin in the plasma?
Binds up to two atoms of ferric iron
What does Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) reflect in the blood?
Amount of transferrin available to bind iron
'Bronze diabetes' is a term sometimes used to describe which condition?
Primary hemochromatosis
Which of the following clinical features is NOT associated with iron deficiency anemia?
Jaundice
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in the developing world?
Hookworm infestation
Which of the following is a feature of microcytic hypochromic anemia?
Pale red blood cells
How does ferroxidase contribute to iron transport in the body?
Oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ for transport
What is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia due to decreased iron uptake?
Malabsorption due to mucosal villi flattening
Which of the following is NOT a cause of iron overload leading to pathological increase in iron body stores?
Genetic predisposition
What is the role of transferrin in iron metabolism?
Carries Fe3+ in blood
Which of the following is NOT a function of iron in the human body?
Carbohydrate metabolism
In iron overload, the excess iron most commonly accumulates in which organ?
Liver
Which of the following is a common clinical feature of iron deficiency anemia?
Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)
Iron deficiency anemia can result from insufficient intake or absorption of iron, chronic blood loss, and:
Increased hepcidin levels
Which condition is NOT a common cause of iron overload?
Excessive dietary intake of iron
Which blood marker is typically decreased in iron deficiency anemia?
Serum ferritin levels
Iron overload can lead to tissue damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species via which reaction?
"Fenton reaction"
Inadequate dietary intake of which micronutrient can contribute to the development of iron deficiency anemia?
Zinc
What is the name of the protein on the apical membrane of enterocytes that transports iron across the membrane?
Divalent Metal Cation Transporter 1 (DMT1)
Which hormone is produced in the liver and plays a key role in controlling iron absorption by binding to and inactivating ferroportin?
Hepcidin
In a classical feedback system, what stimulates hepcidin production which leads to decreased iron absorption?
Increased plasma iron
Which protein is responsible for oxidizing Fe2+ to Fe3+ for storage of normal amounts of Fe3+ in tissues under normal conditions?
Ferritin
What is generated from ferritin denaturation under conditions of iron overload?
Hemosiderin
Which type of gastric acidity decrease can lead to lower iron absorption?
Hypochlorhydria
What is the name of the transporter that allows iron to be transported through the basolateral membrane and into circulation?
Ferroportin
Which nutrient is regulated by Hepcidin in a manner where it controls the delivery of this nutrient from intestinal cells to blood?
Iron
Test your knowledge on the absorption and requirements of iron in the human body. Explore how iron is recycled from senescent red cells, lost through various means, and balanced through absorption.
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