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What is a crime regarded as in terms of legal responsibility?
What is a crime regarded as in terms of legal responsibility?
The victim in a criminal case has control over the prosecution process.
The victim in a criminal case has control over the prosecution process.
False
What burden of proof lies with the state in a criminal prosecution?
What burden of proof lies with the state in a criminal prosecution?
The burden of proof lies with the state to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
In criminal law, the accused is presumed ______ until proven guilty.
In criminal law, the accused is presumed ______ until proven guilty.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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What is the primary function of law according to the content?
What is the primary function of law according to the content?
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The Irish legal system allows for individuals to recover compensation if they have been wronged.
The Irish legal system allows for individuals to recover compensation if they have been wronged.
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What are the two main types of legal cases brought before the Irish courts?
What are the two main types of legal cases brought before the Irish courts?
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The law is imposed by a state to regulate __________ conduct within that state.
The law is imposed by a state to regulate __________ conduct within that state.
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Match the key principles of Irish law with their descriptions:
Match the key principles of Irish law with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of Public Law?
Which of the following is an example of Public Law?
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Private Law involves disputes where the state is directly involved.
Private Law involves disputes where the state is directly involved.
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Name one type of law that is considered Substantive Law.
Name one type of law that is considered Substantive Law.
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The area of law that involves the state is called ______.
The area of law that involves the state is called ______.
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Match the following types of law with their definitions:
Match the following types of law with their definitions:
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What is the primary aim of criminal law?
What is the primary aim of criminal law?
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A plaintiff in a civil case must prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt.
A plaintiff in a civil case must prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt.
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What is the term used for the burden of proof in a civil case?
What is the term used for the burden of proof in a civil case?
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In criminal cases, the accused may be found ______ or not guilty.
In criminal cases, the accused may be found ______ or not guilty.
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Match the following statements with their correct law type:
Match the following statements with their correct law type:
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Which of the following courts typically hears civil cases?
Which of the following courts typically hears civil cases?
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A criminal case can also involve damages as a remedy.
A criminal case can also involve damages as a remedy.
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What is an example of a case that might involve both criminal and civil law?
What is an example of a case that might involve both criminal and civil law?
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The legal principle that _____ follows the event refers to who pays legal costs in a civil case.
The legal principle that _____ follows the event refers to who pays legal costs in a civil case.
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Match the following key terms with their descriptions:
Match the following key terms with their descriptions:
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What is the primary purpose of the separation of powers in government?
What is the primary purpose of the separation of powers in government?
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Legal personality refers only to natural persons.
Legal personality refers only to natural persons.
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What does the Rule of Law signify in governance?
What does the Rule of Law signify in governance?
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The _______ is the Irish legislative body responsible for making laws.
The _______ is the Irish legislative body responsible for making laws.
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Match the following years to their significance in Irish legal history:
Match the following years to their significance in Irish legal history:
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Which of the following is an example of a public wrong?
Which of the following is an example of a public wrong?
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Briefly explain what is meant by 'burden of proof'.
Briefly explain what is meant by 'burden of proof'.
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In Irish law, the executive branch is responsible for interpreting and applying the law.
In Irish law, the executive branch is responsible for interpreting and applying the law.
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Study Notes
Legal Responsibility
- A crime is an act that is considered to be against the law and therefore punishable by the state
- The victim in a criminal case generally has limited control over the prosecution process
- The state has the burden of proof in a criminal prosecution, meaning that the state must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
- In criminal law, the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty
Legal Systems and Law
- The primary function of law is to regulate the behavior of individuals and society
- The Irish legal system offers redress for individuals who have suffered a wrong, through mechanisms like compensation and legal action
- The two main types of legal cases brought before Irish courts are criminal and civil cases
- The law is imposed by a state to regulate conduct within that state
Key Principles of Irish Law
- Rule of Law: The principle that everyone, including those in power, is subject to the law
- Separation of Powers: The division of government power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
- Natural Justice: The principle that everyone has a right to a fair hearing before the law
- Equality Before the Law: The principle that everyone is treated equally before the law
Types of Law
- Public Law: Deals with the relationship between individuals and the state. An example of public law is criminal law
- Private Law (Civil Law): Focuses on the relationships between individuals. It does not directly involve the state in disputes, although the state may act as a neutral referee in the dispute
- Substantive Law: Defines rights and obligations, such as contract law or tort law
Criminal Law
- The primary aim of criminal law is to deter crime and punish offenders
- In criminal cases, the burden of proof lies with the state
- The accused in a criminal case may be found guilty or not guilty
Civil Law
- A plaintiff in a civil case must prove their case on the balance of probabilities, also known as the balance of proof
- In civil cases, the party that loses the case typically has to pay the legal costs of the winning party, referred to as "costs follow the event"
Public and Private Wrongs
- A public wrong, also known as a crime, is an act that is considered to be against the law and therefore punishable by the state
- A private wrong is an act that causes harm to an individual, but does not necessarily violate criminal law
Burden of Proof
- The burden of proof refers to the responsibility to prove a particular fact in a legal proceeding
- In a criminal case, the burden of proof lies with the state, and they must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
- In a civil case, the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff, and they must prove their case on the balance of probabilities
The Irish Legal System
- The Irish legal system is based on common law, meaning that laws are developed through judicial decisions
- The Oireachtas, which comprises the Dáil (House of Representatives) and the Seanad (Senate), is the Irish legislative body responsible for making laws
- The Executive branch, which includes the government and civil service, is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws
Historical Significance
- 1922: The Irish Free State was established, marking the beginning of independent Irish lawmaking
- 1937: The Constitution of Ireland was adopted, outlining fundamental rights and principles
- 1998: The Good Friday Agreement, which led to the establishment of the Northern Ireland Assembly and marked a significant step towards peace in Northern Ireland
Legal Principles
- Legal personality refers to the ability of a person or entity to have rights and obligations under the law
- The Rule of Law signifies that everyone, including those in power, is subject to the law and that the law is applied fairly and consistently
Criminal and Civil Cases
- Criminal law is concerned with public wrongs or crimes, while civil law deals with private disputes between individuals
- A criminal case typically involves a state prosecution against an individual accused of a crime, with the aim of punishment or rehabilitation
- A civil case typically involves a dispute between individuals, with the aim of resolving the dispute and awarding compensation or other remedies
- A case may involve both areas of law, such as in a car accident where the driver may face both criminal charges for dangerous driving and a civil lawsuit from the injured party
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Description
This quiz explores the key principles of the Irish legal system, highlighting the roles of laws, legal rules and procedures. Understand how jurisdiction and legal interpretations guide societal behavior and governance. Test your knowledge on the fundamental components that shape Irish law.
