Iran's 2009 Presidential Election

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of Iran's population was under 30 years of age in 2009?

  • 70%
  • 40%
  • 50%
  • 60% (correct)

Who is the director of Iranian studies at Stanford University?

  • Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
  • Mir Hussein Mousavi
  • Abbas Milani (correct)
  • Hassan Rouhani

What was a focus of Mir Hussein Mousavi's campaign?

  • Limiting access to social network sites
  • Implementing stricter laws on women's rights
  • Increasing human rights and transparency in international relations (correct)
  • Promoting conservative social and cultural norms

What was a significant outcome of Mousavi's campaign?

<p>A revitalization of Iran's civil society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the former Prime Minister of Iran from 1981-1989?

<p>Mir Hussein Mousavi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a demographic characteristic of Mousavi's supporters?

<p>A majority were youth demanding change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method used by Iran's government to prevent news from being published about the demonstrations?

<p>Arresting journalists and protesters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Sevres in 1920?

<p>The treaty was rejected by the Turkish nationalist regime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923?

<p>Turkey made no claim to its former Arab provinces and annexed a vast majority of Kurdistan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Syria's Kurdish population were stripped of their Syrian citizenship in 1962?

<p>20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Kurds living in uncertainty in Syria today?

<p>300,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Iranian authorities' digital purge of their opponents in 2009?

<p>The authorities identified and arrested at least 40 people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region referred to by the Kurds as their homeland?

<p>Kurdistan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Kurds in the world today?

<p>40 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Kurdish administration that exists in Northern Iraq?

<p>Autonomous Kurdish Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Raja News website in December 2009?

<p>To identify and arrest protesters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the protests in Iran after the 2009 presidential election?

<p>Iranians were disgusted with the political process and wanted to exercise their constitutional rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the color green in the protests?

<p>It was the campaign color of Mir Hussein Mousavi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the government initially respond to the protests?

<p>By indiscriminately arresting protesters and switching broadcasted images to black and white (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the protests in terms of the number of reported deaths?

<p>At least 40 reported deaths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Neda Agha Soltan's death?

<p>Her death was captured on video and widely seen on the internet, representing the movement's cause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Green Movement use social media?

<p>To communicate and demonstrate the events, ideals, and attitudes of Iranians in the movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the government's censorship of the internet during the protests?

<p>To prevent the protesters from organizing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Western media's label for the Green Movement?

<p>The Twitter Revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the protests in terms of the response from the Supreme Leader?

<p>The Supreme Leader verbally attacked the protesters and the Green Movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Basij member's identity papers being taken and posted on the internet?

<p>It was a way to identify the person who shot Neda Agha Soltan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the creation of the term 'genocide'?

<p>The massacres of Armenians and European Jews (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Adolf Hitler see the Armenian Genocide as a valid guide for his plan?

<p>Because the committers were not punished and no compensation was made to the victims (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Armenian Genocide in the context of modern genocide?

<p>It was the first 'modern' genocide in the way it was systematically planned and implemented (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Raphael Lemkin coin the term 'genocide'?

<p>1944 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major obstacle to Kurdish unity?

<p>Tribal differences and the remoteness of their communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the context of Adolf Hitler's quote 'Who, after all, speaks today of the extermination of the Armenians?'?

<p>A speech before invading Poland in 1939 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide?

<p>1.5 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ideology behind the Armenian Genocide?

<p>Pan Turkism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were Armenians considered 'unbelievers' by the Ottoman Empire?

<p>They were not Muslim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Ottoman Empire's massacre of Armenians in 1894-1896?

<p>To secure the remaining territories and to constrain Armenians' economic influence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of Armenian men who had been recruited into the Ottoman armies during World War I?

<p>They were removed and murdered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate destination of the Armenian population during the Armenian Genocide?

<p>The barren Syrian Desert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of April 24th, 1915, in the Armenian Genocide?

<p>The day several hundred Armenian community leaders in Constantinople were arrested and put to death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Armenian Genocide for the Armenian population?

<p>The destruction of more than half of the Armenian population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the treatment of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire's Islamic legal system?

<p>They were treated with prejudice and restricted in many aspects of their lives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the 'Special Organization' created by the Young Turks?

<p>To organize 'killing squads' made up of murderers and ex-convicts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated percentage of the Armenian population that was destroyed during the Genocide?

<p>60 to 65 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of many Armenian orphans who survived the Genocide?

<p>They were forced to convert to Islam and raised as non-Armenians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the American government to the Armenian Genocide?

<p>The government established the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the military trials held against the committers of the Armenian Genocide?

<p>The sentences were never carried out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Armenian orphans cared for by the Near East Relief?

<p>132,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the condition of the Armenians observed by U.S. Consul Leslie Davis?

<p>They were in rags and almost naked, emaciated, sick, diseased, and filthy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Turkish government's plan, according to Leslie Davis?

<p>To destroy the Armenian race as a race (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Armenian population in the historic Armenian territories by 1923?

<p>Perhaps only ten to fifteen percent of the population remained in their homeland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the New York Times during the Armenian Genocide?

<p>The newspaper covered the events extensively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the new Iranian government's treatment of the Kurds?

<p>Their cross-border alliances and historic connections were seen as a threat to the new regime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Kurdish revolts in 1925 and 1928 in Turkey?

<p>The revolts were ruthlessly crushed, with thousands of civilians killed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British army defeat the Kurdish revolts led by Mahmud Barzanji?

<p>Through aerial bombardments and chemical gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Algiers Peace Treaty between Iran and Iraq in 1975?

<p>The Kurds found themselves without any powerful external ally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the Iraqi regime's chemical gas attack in Halabja?

<p>The Kurds were accused of aiding Iran. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the US invasion of Iraq in 1990?

<p>The Kurds were abandoned by the US. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of the Kurds in Iraq?

<p>They are largely autonomous and have self-governance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Turkish government's concern regarding the Kurds in Iraq?

<p>The possibility of an independent Kurdish entity emerging. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of the Kurds controlling Kirkuk and its oilfields if an independent Kurdish entity emerges?

<p>It is highly likely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Amnesty International report published in 2008?

<p>To highlight the human rights abuses against the Kurds in Iran. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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