Iran's 2009 Presidential Election

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What percentage of Iran's population was under 30 years of age in 2009?

70%

40%

50%

60% (correct)

Who is the director of Iranian studies at Stanford University?

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Mir Hussein Mousavi

Abbas Milani (correct)

Hassan Rouhani

What was a focus of Mir Hussein Mousavi's campaign?

Limiting access to social network sites

Implementing stricter laws on women's rights

Increasing human rights and transparency in international relations (correct)

Promoting conservative social and cultural norms

What was a significant outcome of Mousavi's campaign?

A revitalization of Iran's civil society Signup and view all the answers

Who was the former Prime Minister of Iran from 1981-1989?

Mir Hussein Mousavi Signup and view all the answers

What was a demographic characteristic of Mousavi's supporters?

A majority were youth demanding change Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method used by Iran's government to prevent news from being published about the demonstrations?

Arresting journalists and protesters Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Sevres in 1920?

The treaty was rejected by the Turkish nationalist regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923?

Turkey made no claim to its former Arab provinces and annexed a vast majority of Kurdistan Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Syria's Kurdish population were stripped of their Syrian citizenship in 1962?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Kurds living in uncertainty in Syria today?

300,000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Iranian authorities' digital purge of their opponents in 2009?

The authorities identified and arrested at least 40 people Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region referred to by the Kurds as their homeland?

Kurdistan Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Kurds in the world today?

40 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Kurdish administration that exists in Northern Iraq?

Autonomous Kurdish Administration Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Raja News website in December 2009?

To identify and arrest protesters Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the protests in Iran after the 2009 presidential election?

Iranians were disgusted with the political process and wanted to exercise their constitutional rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the color green in the protests?

It was the campaign color of Mir Hussein Mousavi Signup and view all the answers

How did the government initially respond to the protests?

By indiscriminately arresting protesters and switching broadcasted images to black and white Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the protests in terms of the number of reported deaths?

At least 40 reported deaths Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Neda Agha Soltan's death?

Her death was captured on video and widely seen on the internet, representing the movement's cause Signup and view all the answers

How did the Green Movement use social media?

To communicate and demonstrate the events, ideals, and attitudes of Iranians in the movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the government's censorship of the internet during the protests?

To prevent the protesters from organizing Signup and view all the answers

What was the Western media's label for the Green Movement?

The Twitter Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the protests in terms of the response from the Supreme Leader?

The Supreme Leader verbally attacked the protesters and the Green Movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Basij member's identity papers being taken and posted on the internet?

It was a way to identify the person who shot Neda Agha Soltan Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the creation of the term 'genocide'?

The massacres of Armenians and European Jews Signup and view all the answers

Why did Adolf Hitler see the Armenian Genocide as a valid guide for his plan?

Because the committers were not punished and no compensation was made to the victims Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Armenian Genocide in the context of modern genocide?

It was the first 'modern' genocide in the way it was systematically planned and implemented Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Raphael Lemkin coin the term 'genocide'?

1944 Signup and view all the answers

What is a major obstacle to Kurdish unity?

Tribal differences and the remoteness of their communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the context of Adolf Hitler's quote 'Who, after all, speaks today of the extermination of the Armenians?'?

A speech before invading Poland in 1939 Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide?

1.5 million Signup and view all the answers

What was the ideology behind the Armenian Genocide?

Pan Turkism Signup and view all the answers

Why were Armenians considered 'unbelievers' by the Ottoman Empire?

They were not Muslim Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Ottoman Empire's massacre of Armenians in 1894-1896?

To secure the remaining territories and to constrain Armenians' economic influence Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of Armenian men who had been recruited into the Ottoman armies during World War I?

They were removed and murdered Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate destination of the Armenian population during the Armenian Genocide?

The barren Syrian Desert Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of April 24th, 1915, in the Armenian Genocide?

The day several hundred Armenian community leaders in Constantinople were arrested and put to death Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Armenian Genocide for the Armenian population?

The destruction of more than half of the Armenian population Signup and view all the answers

What was the treatment of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire's Islamic legal system?

They were treated with prejudice and restricted in many aspects of their lives Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the 'Special Organization' created by the Young Turks?

To organize 'killing squads' made up of murderers and ex-convicts Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated percentage of the Armenian population that was destroyed during the Genocide?

60 to 65 percent Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of many Armenian orphans who survived the Genocide?

They were forced to convert to Islam and raised as non-Armenians Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the American government to the Armenian Genocide?

The government established the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the military trials held against the committers of the Armenian Genocide?

The sentences were never carried out Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Armenian orphans cared for by the Near East Relief?

132,000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the condition of the Armenians observed by U.S. Consul Leslie Davis?

They were in rags and almost naked, emaciated, sick, diseased, and filthy Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Turkish government's plan, according to Leslie Davis?

To destroy the Armenian race as a race Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Armenian population in the historic Armenian territories by 1923?

Perhaps only ten to fifteen percent of the population remained in their homeland Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the New York Times during the Armenian Genocide?

The newspaper covered the events extensively Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the new Iranian government's treatment of the Kurds?

Their cross-border alliances and historic connections were seen as a threat to the new regime. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Kurdish revolts in 1925 and 1928 in Turkey?

The revolts were ruthlessly crushed, with thousands of civilians killed. Signup and view all the answers

How did the British army defeat the Kurdish revolts led by Mahmud Barzanji?

Through aerial bombardments and chemical gas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Algiers Peace Treaty between Iran and Iraq in 1975?

The Kurds found themselves without any powerful external ally. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the Iraqi regime's chemical gas attack in Halabja?

The Kurds were accused of aiding Iran. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the US invasion of Iraq in 1990?

The Kurds were abandoned by the US. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of the Kurds in Iraq?

They are largely autonomous and have self-governance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Turkish government's concern regarding the Kurds in Iraq?

The possibility of an independent Kurdish entity emerging. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of the Kurds controlling Kirkuk and its oilfields if an independent Kurdish entity emerges?

It is highly likely. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Amnesty International report published in 2008?

To highlight the human rights abuses against the Kurds in Iran. Signup and view all the answers