Iran and Iraq History

Salafism

• Salafism's primary goal is returning to the practices of the early generations of Muslims.
• Al-Qaeda is the group most commonly associated with Salafism.
• Salafists aim to emulate the time of Prophet Muhammad and the Rightly Guided Caliphs.
• Salafism emphasizes strict adherence to The Qur'an, Hadith, and the practices of the early Muslim community.
• A core belief of Salafism is the rejection of innovations (bid'ah) in religious practices.
• Quietist Salafism is most closely associated with Salafi movements focusing on non-violent means of religious and social reform.
• A key distinguishing feature of Salafism compared to other Sunni groups is the emphasis on rejecting any religious innovations or interpretations not from the earliest generations of Muslims.
• In Salafi thought, The Qur'an and the authentic Hadith is a major source of religious authority.
• Most Salafists advocate for strict gender segregation in public spaces.
• Support for democratic pluralism is NOT typically associated with Salafism.

Wahhabism

• Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab is the founder of Wahhabism.
• Wahhabism is primarily a reform movement within Sunni Islam.
• A core belief of Wahhabism is rejecting any forms of polytheism and idol worship (shirk).
• Wahhabism emerged in the Saudi Arabia region of the Arabian Peninsula.
• Wahhabism strictly opposes the veneration of saints and visiting their tombs.
• Wahhabism is often criticized for its strict interpretation of Islamic theology and law.
• Celebrating the birthday of Prophet Muhammad (Mawlid) is considered an innovation (Bid'ah) by Wahhabism.
• Wahhabism and the Saudi state formed a close alliance in the 18th century.
• An emphasis on the literal interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith is a prominent feature of Wahhabism's approach to Islamic law (Sharia).
• Salafism is often associated with Wahhabism in terms of its ultra-conservative interpretation of Islam.

Muslim Brotherhood

• Hassan al-Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood.
• The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in 1928.
• The primary goal of the Muslim Brotherhood is to establish an Islamic state governed by Sharia law.
• The Muslim Brotherhood was originally founded in Egypt.
• A key principle of the Muslim Brotherhood is the rejection of Western influence in Muslim societies.
• The Muslim Brotherhood advocates for active participation in both local and national politics.
• The Muslim Brotherhood was banned in Egypt for a period after the overthrow of President Mohamed Morsi in 2013.
• Mohamed Morsi was the first democratically elected president of Egypt from the Muslim Brotherhood.
• Islamic socialism is closely associated with the intellectual influence of the Muslim Brotherhood.
• The Muslim Brotherhood's philosophy can be best described as reformist and non-violent.

Jamaat-e-Islami

• Maulana Abul Ala Maududi was the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami.
• Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in 1941.
• The main objective of Jamaat-e-Islami is to establish an Islamic state governed by Sharia law.
• Jamaat-e-Islami was originally founded in India.
• The establishment of an Islamic state through democratic means is a key ideological foundation of Jamaat-e-Islami.
• Political Islam based on Islamic teachings is a key principle advocated by Jamaat-e-Islami.
• Women's roles are primarily domestic, but with rights and responsibilities within an Islamic framework, according to Jamaat-e-Islami's vision of society.
• Pakistan is home to the largest political presence of Jamaat-e-Islami.
• Jamaat-e-Islami is known for advocating for a theocratic Islamic state.
• Jamaat-e-Islami was a prominent political force in the General Zia-ul-Haq military coup in 1977 in Pakistan's history.

Tabligh

• The term "Tabligh" means to convey the message of Islam.
• "Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction." (Surah An-Nahl 16:125) Qur'anic verse is often cited to emphasize the importance of Tabligh.
• The primary objective of Tabligh is to spread the message of Islam peacefully.
• Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is known as the first preacher (Muballigh) in Islam.
• Tablighi Jamaat is the name of the global Islamic movement dedicated to Tabligh.
• The six points of Tablighi Jamaat's teachings being Faith, Salah, Knowledge, Respect, Intention, Preaching.
• Use of violence to spread the message is not a method used in Tabligh.
• Patience and wisdom the most important quality for a Muballigh (preacher) to have.
• Forgiveness of sins, a place in Paradise, and continuous reward (Sadaqah Jariyah) is the reward mentioned in Islam for spreading the message of truth.
• Tabligh should be conducted with kindness, wisdom, and patience, according to Islamic tradition.

Deobandi movement

• The Deobandi movement was founded in Deoband, India.
• Darul Uloom Deoband was established in 1866.
• Maulana Qasim Nanotvi is considered one of the founding figures of the Deobandi movement.
• The primary purpose of establishing the Deobandi movement was the revival of Islamic education and spirituality.
• The Deobandi movement primarily follows the Hanafi Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh).
• The Naqshbandiyya Sufi order is closely associated with the Deobandi movement.
• A significant motivation for the Deobandi movement's emergence was the decline of Islamic rule in India.
• The core educational focus of Darul Uloom Deoband is Islamic theology and jurisprudence.
• The formation of the Deobandi movement was influenced by the policies of the British Empire.
• Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madani was associated with the Deobandi movement.

Barelvi movement

• The Barelvi movement was founded in Barelly, India.
• Ahmed Raza Khan is the founder of the Barelvi movement.
• The Barelvi movement primarily emphasizes devotion to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and adherence to Sufi practices.
• The Barelvi movement primarily follows the Hanafi Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh).
• Emphasis on the celebration of Mawlid (Prophet's birthday) is a key characteristic of the Barelvi movement's teachings.
• Fatawa-e-Razawiyyah is scholarly work by Ahmed Raza Khan.
• The Barelvi movement strongly advocates that Prophet Muhammad (SAW) possesses a unique status, with special knowledge and light (Noor).
• All of the Chishtiyya, Naqshbandiyya and Qadiriyya Sufi orders are closely associated with the Barelvi movement.
• The Barelvi movement emerged primarily as a response to The Deobandi and Wahhabi movements.
• The Barelvi movement considers visiting shrines of saints (Awliya) to be an important part of Islamic spirituality and devotion.

Ahmadiyya movement

• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement.
• The Ahmadiyya movement was founded in Qadian, India.
• The Ahmadiyya movement was established in 1889.
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claim to be the Mahdi and Messiah caused controversy in the Muslim world.
• Jamaat-e-Ahmadiyya is the name of the central religious organization of the Ahmadiyya community.
• The headquarters of the Ahmadiyya community today is in the United Kingdom.
• Tehrik-e-Jadid is the primary missionary organization of the Ahmadiyya community.
• "Love for All, Hatred for None," is the motto of the Ahmadiyya movement.
• Peaceful propagation of Islam and interfaith dialogue is central to the Ahmadiyya belief system.
• Pakistan's National Assembly declared the Ahmadiyya movement as non-Muslim in 1974.

Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama

• Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama was established in 1926.
• The primary purpose of establishing Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama was to safeguard traditional Islamic beliefs and practices in Kerala.
• Varakkal Mullakkoya Thangal is considered the founder of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama.
• Northern Kerala primarily serves as the base for the activities of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama.
• Madrasa education system is the primary educational initiative associated with Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama.
• Sunni Students' Federation (SSF) is the name of the youth wing of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama.
• The rise of reformist movements like Mujahid and Jamaat-e-Islami was one of the key challenges faced by Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama at its inception.
• Suprabhaatham is the official publication of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama.
• The ideology of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama best described as traditional Sunni Islam based on Shafi'i jurisprudence.
• Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama ensure the proper functioning of madrasas in Kerala through its Madrasa Education Board.

Senussi Movement

• Muhammad ibn Ali al-Senussi was the founder of the Senussi Movement.
• The Senussi Movement was founded in 1837.
• The Senussi Movement initially was established in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
• The primary aim of the Senussi Movement was to resist European colonization in North Africa.
• The Senussi Movement primarily adhered to the Maliki Islamic school of jurisprudence.
• Cyrenaica became the main base of the Senussi Movement.
• Sufism was the spiritual foundation of the Senussi Movement.
• The Senussi Movement played a significant role in resisting colonization by Italy.
• The prominent Senussi leader during the resistance against Italian colonization in the early 20th century was Omar Mukhtar.
• The title of the leader of the Senussi Order is Sheikh al-Senussi.

Aligarh Movement

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the founder of the Aligarh Movement.
• To promote modern education among Indian Muslims was the primary objective of the Aligarh Movement.
• The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College was established 1875.
• The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College later became Aligarh Muslim University.
• The Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the Aligarh Movement emphasized Secular Western-style education.
• The Aligarh Movement was a response to The aftermath of the Revolt of 1857.
• Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq wa journal started by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to spread the ideas of the Aligarh Movement.
• The Aligarh Movement advocated peaceful coexistence and understanding, in terms of their stance on Hindu-Muslim unity
• Divide and Rule British policy the Aligarh Movement aim to counteract through education.

Islamization of Knowledge movement

• To integrate Islamic values into modern fields of knowledge, is the primary goal of the Islamization of Knowledge movement.
• Ismail Raji al-Faruqi is the pioneer of the modern Islamization of Knowledge movement
• The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) was established 1981, promoting the idea of Islamization of Knowledge.
• An effort to harmonize Islamic principles with contemporary academic disciplines best describes Islamization of Knowledge.
• Ismail Raji al-Faruqi emphasized the need for "tawhid" (unity) as the basis of Islamization of Knowledge.
• It lacks practical implementation in many academic fields, is a key criticism of the Islamization of Knowledge movement.
• A holistic approach integrating Islamic worldview with modern science the core principle of the Islamization of Knowledge.
• The Islamization of Knowledge is most commonly associated with Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Tawhidization describes the merging of Islamic values with modern scientific advancements.

Zionism

• Theodor Herzl is considered the founder of modern Zionism.
• To establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine was what the goal of the Zionist movement ?
• The Dreyfus Affair, which triggered the first wave of significant Jewish migration to Palestine in the late 19th century.
• The World Zionist Organization was founded in the year 1897.
• The Balfour Declaration document, issued in 1917, expressed British support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
• The main goal of the Zionist Organization (WZO) was to establish a Jewish state in Palestine.
• The Kibbutz Movement Jewish community group played a significant role in the creation of the State of Israel.
• David Ben-Gurion, was the first Prime Minister of Israel associated with Zionism?
• The return of Jews to the land of Israel.was the principle of "aliyah" in Zionist ideology?
• The returned of jew 1948 Arab-Israeli War marked the first military conflict between Jewish and Arab forces in Palestine?

First World War

• The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand directly triggered the start of World War I in 1914.
• The tow alliances involved of World War I was the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.
• Part of the Triple Entente during World War I was the France, Russia, Great Britain
• The United States enter World War I, In the year 1917
• The treaty of the Treaty of Versailles ended World War I?
• The major technological advancement Tanks, was in World War I?
• The Singing at the tresty of Versilles marked the end of World War I in Europe? -The empire collasped as a result of World War I Ottoman Empire.
• Which nation was not a part of the League of Nations after World War I- The United States
• The major of The Battle of verdun took place during World War I, marking a significant stalemate?

Arab-Israel Relationship

• marked the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict Was The Israeli Declaration of Independence
• Egypt Was the first to sign a peace agreement with Israel?
• In which year was the The Camp David Accords, took place between Israel and Egypt- 1978
• Was not participate Was Saudi Arabia with the Arab-Israeli wars (1948-1973)
• The result war, that Isreal gaining control of , East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip? The 1967 Six-Day War
• Whcih is the Palestinian group initiated the first Intifada in 1987- PLO

PLO and Yasser Arafat

• Yasser Arafat the Was the founded leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)?
• The PLO was establihed in 1964
• The political party of the Was Fatah, that Yasser Arafat led within the PLO?
• Yasser Arafat born? Gaza, Palestine
• The event 1993 that have a major breakthrough for the PLO and Israel? Oslo Accords
• Wchi territory that Did the PLO officially govern after the Oslo Accords in 1994? West Bank and Gaza Strip

Hezbollah

• Hezbollah was officially in 1982?
• Was Hezbollah founded? Lebanon
• Whay was the primary goal of Hezbollah when it was created ? fight In against Israeli occupation with Lebanon.
• Whio was the The spiritual leader from The Hezbollah- , Hassan Nasrallah
• Which what event considered major catalyst for the formation of Hezbollah?- the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982

Iran: Reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi

• In which year did Reza Shah Pahlavi come to power in Iran-1925
• Reza Shah Pahlavi established which dynasty in Iran-Pahlavi Dynasty
• Which one of the Which following reforms was implemented by Reza Shah to modernize Iran? -Introduction of Western-style legal systems
• One of Reza Shah's most controversial policies during his reign? -Forced secularization and the banning of Islamic practices
• During Reza Shah's reign, Iran officially adopted a new secular national identity and, Persianization
• Which foreign power forced Reza Shah to abdicate in 1941 during World War II- United Kingdom and Soviet Union

Nationalization of Oil in Iran

• Iran in the year Did1951 nationalize its oil industry, taking control from foreign companies?
• Which one of Prime Minister of Iran, when the country's oil industry was nationalized in 1951- Mohammad Mossadegh
• Whay was the primary reason, for the nationalization of Iran's oil industry in 1951 ,,, To reduce foreign control over the economy
• The British Petroleum (BP) ,Was which foreign company that affected by the nationalization of Iran's oil industry in 1951?
• Whc was the the responsed from the Britished The government, to the nationalization of Iran's oil
• British Petroleum (BP) industry in1951- They imposed sanctions and embargoes

Rise of Ayatollah Khomeini

• In which year did Ayatollah Khomeini return to Iran from exile, marking the start of the Iranian Revolution?-1979
• Before returning to Iran in 1979 , Where was Ayatollah Khomeini exiled too before? France
• The Iranian Revolution What group dis Khomeini lead in opposition to the Shah's regime during the 1970s- The Islamic Republic Party

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

• In which year did the Iran-Iraq war began 1980
• The boarders dispute the major reason War?
• Which Iraqi leader intialtef invasion of Iran in 1980 Saddam Hussein What the of the month of conflict The invasion of the khan province Irael

The Fertile Cresent

• The the following is part of the fertile Crescent Is Mesopotamia
• Mesopotamia early cultures that cradle of civilization which The fertile Crescent is often referred to as the cradle of civilization because it was home to Mesopotamia
• Which two major rivers are found in the Fertile Crescent? Tigris and Euphrates
• Which the of the present the days countries is part fertile is Egypt

French Mandate in Syria.

the French Mandate in Syria . The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I body formally approve the League of Nations French Mandate in Syria in 1920. Which treaty officially The Sykes-Picot Agreement control over Syria after World War I? Which Syrian city was the administrative capital during the French Mandate Damascus Which what year did the which Syria lasted from 1920 until 1946 Who the first French high commissioner in Syria durnig the mandate period ..general Henri Gonrad

Sharif Hussein of Hijaz

Which Was leader Hashemite dynasty in Mecca. sharif Hussein of Hijaz . Which what. was the Sharif Hussein of Hijaz & with the British during World Was -He collaborated WWI? the British to revolt against the Ottoman Empire

Lawrance In Arabia

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• What is was the primary aDesert Sahara Desert b) Negev Desert c) Arabian Desert d) Gobi Desert

4. What book did T.E. Lawrence write about his experiences in the Middle East during World a) The Seven Pillars of Wisdom b) The Arab Awakening c) Lawrence of Arabia d) The Arab Revolt

5. What was the impact of T.E. Lawrence's actions on the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman a) It led to a unified Arab kingdom b) It was crucial in securing British support for the revolt c) It caused the Ottomans to win the war

West Asia

Turkey is West Asia's secular state with a Muslim-majority population.

• Tehran is the capital of Iran.
• In West Asia, Turkey has the largest Kurdish population.

West Asia

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Explore the Iran-Iraq War's consequences and tactics. Discover post-Khomeini Iran and the Fertile Crescent's significance. Understand the US stance on Iran after 1979.