Modull 11- IPv4 Subnetting Quiz

A subnet mask with /28 notation indicates that 4 bits are reserved for host addresses.

A subnet mask determines the network portion of an IP address, separating it from the host portion.

The network portion defines the overall network, while the host portion uniquely identifies a device within that network.

A /26 subnet mask leaves 6 bits for host addresses, resulting in 64 possible addresses. Subtracting 2 for network and broadcast leaves 62 usable addresses for hosts.

With a /27 subnet mask, 5 bits are dedicated to host addresses, allowing for 32 total addresses. Removing 2 for network and broadcast leaves 30 usable addresses for hosts.

The network portion defines the overall network, while the host portion uniquely identifies a device within that network.

Given a /28 subnet mask, there are 4 bits allocated to host addresses, resulting in 16 possible addresses. Subtracting 2 for network and broadcast leaves 14 usable host addresses.

An IP address of the form 172.17.4.250/24 falls within the range of host addresses for the network identified by 172.17.4.0, indicating its use for a specific device.

The prefix length notation is a shorthand way to represent a subnet mask using a single number. It indicates the number of bits dedicated to the network portion of the address. For example, /27 means 27 bits are used for the network.

The number of valid host addresses on a subnet is calculated by subtracting 2 from the total number of addresses: 2^n - 2, where 'n' is the number of host bits. So, for a /26 mask (6 host bits), there are 64 total addresses (2^6 = 64), leaving 62 usable host IPs after subtracting the network and broadcast addresses.

The subnet mask is represented by the prefix length, where /27 corresponds to 255.255.255.224. To determine the mask, count the bits dedicated to the network portion (in this case, 27) and convert them to the binary and decimal equivalent.

Subnetting divides a network into smaller subnets. Each subnet is assigned a unique network address and a subnet mask. With a /26 mask, 2 bits are borrowed from the host portion, creating 4 (2^2) equal-sized subnets.

The slash notation (/20) directly represents the prefix length, which corresponds to the number of network bits in the subnet mask. Counting 20 network bits, we get the decimal subnet mask of 255.255.224.0.

Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) allows for variable-sized subnets within a network. This means that each subnet doesn't have to be the same size, enabling more efficient use of IP addresses by assigning smaller subnets where needed.

A Layer 3 router performs the ANDing process on a destination IP address and its subnet mask. This operation strips away the host part of the IP address, revealing the network address to which the packet belongs.

A subnet with a /27 prefix length has 5 bits dedicated to host addresses. This allows 2^5 = 32 total addresses, but only 30 are usable after excluding the network and broadcast addresses.