1.4b IPv4 Subnetting Concepts Flashcards

Subnetting and IPv4 Subnetting

• Subnetting partitions a large IP address block into smaller subnets for better management.
• Enhances efficiency in IP address allocation, optimizes network performance, and improves security.
• Vital in organizing and overseeing IP address spaces within networks.

Subnet Mask

• Defines the division of an IP address into network and host components.
• Composed of binary 1s followed by binary 0s, indicating network bits and host bits.
• Typically represented in dotted-decimal format (e.g., 255.255.255.0).

Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

• Allows diverse subnet masks within a single network for optimized IP address allocation.
• Facilitates larger subnets for areas with numerous devices and smaller subnets for fewer devices.
• Enhances overall address space utilization.

Classless Addressing

• Modifies classful IPv4 addressing rules to allow flexible subnet creation.
• Supports the development of subnets without being limited by traditional class boundaries.

Classless IP Ranges

• Classless Addressing includes specific private IP ranges:
  • 10.0.0.0/8
  • 172.16.0.0/12
  • 192.168.0.0/16

Classful Addressing

• An outdated convention that categorized IP addresses based on defined classes (A, B, and C).
• Class A uses the first 8 bits, Class B the first 16 bits, and Class C the first 24 bits for network identification.
• No longer preferred due to limitations in address allocation efficiency.

Subinterfaces

• Virtual interfaces created by segmenting a physical interface into multiple logical interfaces.
• Commonly utilized for VLANs, facilitating organization of networks into distinct segments.

Virtual IP (VIP)

• An IP address representing a service or resource rather than a specific physical device.
• Used for purposes like load balancing, high availability, and service abstraction within networks.