IP Routing Basics and Protocols

The process of moving data packets from one network to another using routers.

A route containing the longest matching prefix with the destination IP address is considered the best route.

Special programs that allow routers to dynamically discover networks within a larger network.

Protocols used to send user data over established networks using established protocols.

Information about networks and routes that routers use to forward packets.

A set of bits specifying the network portion of an IP address.

Number of bits specifying the network portion of an IP address.

The primary function of routers. They choose the best path to forward packets based on their routing table.

A default route specifies a next-hop router for packets when a specific route for the destination IP address is not found in the routing table.

A route entry with a prefix length of 0, indicating a match with any destination IP address. It's used when no other routes have a longer match.

A default route configured manually by an administrator, not learned from dynamic routing protocols.

A default route that is learned automatically by a router using dynamic routing protocols.

A route that prioritizes a longer IP address match over a shorter one, ensuring specific routes are used before the default route.

A process used by routers to select the best path to forward a packet based on the longest matching prefix length in the routing table.

A network that is directly connected to a router's interface, meaning the router has a direct link to that network.

A network that is not directly connected to a router, but rather accessed through other routers.

Manual configuration of routes in the routing table, specifying the next hop router and the destination network.

Automatic learning of routes by routers using protocols like EIGRP or OSPF, allowing for dynamic changes in the network paths.

The portion of the IP address that identifies a specific network or subnet within a network.

A route that is manually configured for destinations outside the routing domain, not discovered by dynamic routing.

A route manually configured to enforce a specific path for network traffic.

A connection between a small, isolated network (called a stub network) and the rest of the network.

Dynamic routing is preferable for large networks because it automatically adjusts routes in response to network changes.

Dynamic routing is particularly useful when network topology changes occur, as it automatically finds alternate routes.

The amount of configuration required for the routing protocol increases as the size of the network increases. It's like having more complex instructions for a larger maze.

Routing tables automatically adapt to network topology changes. It's like having a GPS that finds new routes when roads are closed.

The configuration of security must be manually configured for each route. It's like having to constantly check the lock on every door in your home.

Static routing uses CPU and memory resources. It's like carrying a heavy map everywhere you go.

The command used to create a static route. This command identifies the destination network, subnet mask, next-hop address, and administrative distance.

The network address that the static route will be used to reach. It's like specifying the exact street address you want to go to.

A command used to configure static routes on a router, specifying the destination network, subnet mask, and next hop address. This allows the router to forward packets to networks outside of its directly connected network. The command format is:

ip route {destination network} {subnet mask} {next hop address}

Example: ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1 This setup would route packets going to the 172.16.10.0 network to the next hop address 172.16.20.1.

The network address and the subnet mask are used together to define the destination network that the route applies to. The destination Network is expressed in IP address format and is the network that the route will forward traffic to. The Subnet Mask is used to determine the network portion of an IP address and is expressed in dotted decimal notation, representing the network bits in the IP address.

For example, in the command ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1, the network address is 172.16.10.0 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

The next hop address is the IP address of the next device (router or gateway) that the data packet will be forwarded to. It's the address of the device where the packet should be directed next in its journey to reach the final destination. In the command ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1, 172.16.20.1 is the next hop address.

A command used to save the current running configuration to the startup configuration. This ensures that the configurations are loaded when the device boots up. The command is:

copy running-config startup-config

Example: copy run start

This command copies the running-config (the configuration in use) to the startup-config (the configuration that is loaded at boot time).

A routing table is a data structure that stores information about network routes. This table is used by a router to decide which path to send data packets along. It typically includes information about destination networks, next hop addresses, and metrics for evaluating routes. The command to view the routing table on a Cisco router is:

show ip route

This command displays the current routing table, showing the known routes, their destinations, the next hops, and other information about each route.

A router is a network device that connects different networks and forwards data packets between them. It analyzes the destination IP address of each packet and uses its routing table to determine the best path to forward the packet. Routers play a crucial role in directing network traffic and connecting diverse network segments.

Static routes are manually configured routes that a router uses to forward data traffic. They are typically configured for specific destinations and next hop addresses, requiring the administrator to manually specify them. Static routes provide a direct, deterministic path for traffic, which is helpful for situations where a specific route needs to be enforced or where a dynamic routing protocol is not appropriate.

A network is a collection of connected devices that can share data with each other. It can be small, such as a home network, or large, such as the internet. A network can be connected using wired or wireless technologies, and consists of various devices, such as PCs, smartphones, servers, and routers.