IP Addressing and Representation

IP Address Representation

• Binary representation includes values from 0 to 255 for each octet, represented in 8 bits.
• For example, 128 is represented as 10000000, 64 as 01000000, and 32 as 00100000.

Classful IP Addressing

• Class A:

  • Address Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
  • Default Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
  • 126 Class A network IDs available, each allowing 16,777,214 hosts.

• Class B:

  • Address Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
  • Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
  • 16,384 Class B network IDs available, each accommodating 65,534 hosts.

• Class C:

  • Address Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
  • Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
  • 2,097,152 Class C network IDs available, each supporting 254 hosts.

• Class D:

  • Address Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
  • Used for multicast groups.

• Class E:

  • Address Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
  • Reserved for experimental use.

Network and Broadcast Addresses

• The first address in any address range is the network address, identified with all 0's in the host portion.
  • Example Class A address: 115.0.0.0.
• The last address is the broadcast address, identified with all 1's in the host portion.
  • Example Class A broadcast address: 115.255.255.255.

Host Addressing

• Each host must have a unique IP address within the same network.
• Common network portion is required for hosts on the same network.
• Subnet masks dictate the available IP address range for hosts.
• Host addresses cannot be the first or last in the range; reserved for network and broadcast addresses.
  • Example Class A host range: 115.0.0.1 to 115.255.255.254.

Special Addressing

• Addressing a host can also be indicated by setting the network portion to all 0's.
• Local host addresses in the range 127.0.0.0 refer to the loopback interface, identifying the current host.

This quiz covers the basics of IP address representation, including binary formats and the classes of IP addresses from A to E. You'll explore how each class accommodates different network IDs and hosts, along with the significance of network and broadcast addresses. Test your knowledge on these critical networking concepts.