IP Addressing and Network Troubleshooting Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options represents a Class C IP address?

  • 191.200.199.199
  • 204.67.118.54 (correct)
  • 135.23.112.57
  • 10.10.14.118

When designing a TCP/IP addressing scheme for an organization, how many subnet numbers must be allowed?

  • One subnet for each Host
  • One for each WAN connection only
  • One for each subnet, one for each WAN connection (correct)
  • One for each network card

With an IP of 156.233.42.56 and a subnet mask of 7 bits, how many host addresses and subnets are possible assuming subnet 0 is not used?

  • 512 subnets and 128 hosts
  • 510 subnets and 126 hosts
  • 126 subnets and 510 hosts (correct)
  • 128 subnets and 512 hosts

If the output of 'show ip interfaces' shows 'Serial 0 is up, line protocol is down', what is the likely issue?

<p>There is a problem exchanging the routing information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely solution for a client workstation that cannot access network resources after a DHCP server reconfiguration?

<p>Use ipconfig command with /release and /renew options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two sub layers of the OSI Data Link layer?

<p>Logical Link Control, Media Access Control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many available host addresses and subnets does a /23 subnet mask allow in IPv4?

<p>256 subnets and 510 hosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In TCP/IP networking, what is the primary role of the DHCP protocol?

<p>To assign IP addresses to devices dynamically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does link-state routing provide to avoid routing loops?

<p>Each router builds a complete and synchronized view of the network. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the OSI model does a Switch primarily operate on?

<p>Data Link Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to clear NAT translations in a router?

<p>Router#clear ip nat translation * (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DHCP primarily provide to hosts in a network?

<p>IP configuration information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an access list in dynamic NAT?

<p>It facilitates outgoing access from inside local addresses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are MAC addresses represented?

<p>Hexadecimal format with colons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to check if two devices can route packets successfully?

<p>ping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique mechanism do modern link-state protocols use to manage routing complexities?

<p>Splitting routing topologies into smaller areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of address range is designated as AIPAA?

<p>69.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a feature of the data link layer?

<p>Session termination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default response of a router when a device requests service from a DHCP server?

<p>Drop the request (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used to discover the hardware address of a local device?

<p>ARP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of addresses in the first octet of a Class B network?

<p>128–191 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Class C IP address?

An IP address that falls within the range of 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255. These addresses are commonly used for private networks, such as home and small office networks.

How many network numbers are needed for a network design?

You need to have a separate subnet for each unique network segment in your organization, and an additional subnet for each connection to a Wide Area Network (WAN).

How many hosts and subnets are possible with a 7-bit subnet mask?

A subnet mask with 7 bits allows for 128 possible subnets, but since subnet 0 is not used, the number of available subnets is reduced to 126. The remaining bits are used for host addresses, allowing for 510 hosts per subnet (after subtracting the network and broadcast addresses).

Serial 0 up, line protocol down - what's the problem?

The message 'Serial 0 is up, line protocol is down' indicates that while the physical connection (Serial 0) is functioning, there is an issue with the higher-level data exchange protocols, preventing communication.

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What to do if a client can't access network resources after DHCP change?

If a workstation previously accessed network resources but can't now, a configuration change on the DHCP server might have caused the client to receive an incorrect IP address. Releasing and renewing its IP address through the 'ipconfig' command will force the client to obtain a new IP address.

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What are the sub-layers of the OSI Data Link layer?

The two sub-layers of the OSI Data Link layer are the Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC). LLC handles communication between devices on the same network, while MAC manages access to the physical transmission media.

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What is a Switch?

A data link layer device that learns MAC addresses and forwards frames based on destination MAC address.

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What is a Router?

A network layer device that forwards packets based on IP addresses and routes traffic between different networks.

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What is a Repeater?

A physical layer device that amplifies and regenerates signals to extend the reach of a network.

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What is a Bridge?

A data link layer device that connects two or more networks and forwards frames based on destination MAC address.

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Why is it difficult for routing loops to occur in networks that use link-state routing?

Each router builds a complete and synchronized view of the network, eliminating the chance of routing loops.

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What is the purpose of the Link-State Database?

A database that stores all the network topology information, including link costs and neighbor information, used by link-state routers to calculate shortest paths.

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How do modern link-state protocols minimize processing and memory requirements?

Dividing large networks into smaller areas allows for efficient routing updates and reduces routing complexity.

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What is the purpose of a DHCP server?

A server that dynamically assigns IP addresses to hosts on a network.

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How is the message sent from a PC when it first powers on and attempts to contact the DHCP Server?

When a computer starts up for the first time, it broadcasts a DHCP request to acquire an IP address, seeking a response from a DHCP server.

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How does a DHCP server dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts?

A DHCP server dynamically assigns temporary IP addresses to hosts on a network, renewing leases periodically to ensure efficient IP address management.

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What is the range of addresses 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 / 255.255.0.0?

A reserved range of IP addresses used when a hostname cannot be resolved to an IP address.

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How does the DNS function to resolve domain names?

A database used to translate domain names (FQDNs) to IP addresses.

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What is an example of a MAC address?

A unique physical address assigned to each network interface card (NIC).

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Which command can be used to test network connectivity between two devices?

A command that tests network connectivity between two devices by sending and receiving ICMP echo requests.

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What is the range of addresses in the first octet of a Class B network address?

The first octet of a Class B network address can range from 128 to 191.

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How many bytes is an Ethernet address?

An Ethernet address is a 6-byte address, typically represented in hexadecimal format.

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What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local device?

A protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses, enabling communication between devices on a local network.

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What is a full-duplex transmission?

A full-duplex transmission uses a dedicated point-to-point connection for data exchange, allowing simultaneous communication in both directions.

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Which of the following is not part of the data link layer?

The data link layer is responsible for physical addressing, flow control, and error detection, but does not terminate sessions which is handled by higher layers.

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Which of the following protocols is an example of an exterior gateway protocol?

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is an exterior gateway protocol that is used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.

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Which command clears all NAT translations?

The command clear ip nat translation removes all existing NAT translations from the router's translation table.

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Why must you configure an access list when configuring dynamic NAT?

When configuring dynamic NAT, an access-list is needed to control which inside local addresses are allowed to use NAT.

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Study Notes

IP Addressing and Subnetting

  • Class C IP Address: 204.67.118.54 is an example of a Class C IP address.
  • Network Design: When designing a network, allow one subnet number for each subnet and WAN connection.
  • Subnet Mask and Hosts: A 156.233.42.56 IP address with a 7-bit subnet mask yields 126 subnets and 510 hosts (assuming subnet 0 is not used).

Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting

  • Serial Interface Down: If a serial interface shows "up" status but "line protocol down" in the show ip interfaces output, the likely problem is issue exchanging routing information.
  • DHCP Configuration Issues: If network access fails after a DHCP server configuration change, use the ipconfig /release and /renew commands on the client workstation.
  • OSI Data Link Layer Sublayers: The two sublayers of the OSI Data Link layer are Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
  • OSI Layer Protocol Mapping: Segments are associated with the Transport layer, Packets with the Network layer, and Frames with the Data Link layer.
  • Network Devices and Layers: Repeaters operate at the Physical layer, Bridges at the Data Link layer, and Routers at the Network layer.
  • Switch Operation: Switches forward packets based on MAC addresses.
  • Routing Loop Prevention (Link-State Routing): Routing loops in networks using link-state routing are lessened as each router maintains a complete and synchronized network view.
  • Link-State Database: The link-state database must be identical on all link-state routers in an area for accurate Shortest Path First (SPF) tree construction.
  • Link-State Protocol Efficiency: Modern link-state protocols reduce processing and memory requirements by splitting routing topologies into smaller areas.

DHCP and Network Configuration

  • DHCP Server Purpose: A DHCP server provides IP configuration information to hosts.
  • DHCP Initial Contact Method: When a PC first powers on and contacts a DHCP server, it sends a Layer 3 broadcast message.
  • Router Behavior (DHCP Request): A router (R1) will typically drop a DHCP request if it isn't part of its assigned responsibilities, not forwarding it to connected routers and ISPs.
  • DHCP Address Allocation: DHCP servers lease IP addresses to hosts. A host generally keeps the same address by renewing the lease periodically.

Other Network Concepts

  • IP Address Ranges: The range 69.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254/255.255.0.0 is classified as an AIPAA range.
  • FQDN to IP Mapping: A Forward Lookup Zone is used to determine a computer's IP address from its fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
  • MAC Address Example: A625:cbdf:6525 is an example of a MAC address.
  • Troubleshooting Communication Failures: Commands like trace, telnet, and ping can be used to find issues with routing between devices. Show interface command isn't useful for direct troubleshooting of packet routing.
  • Class B Network Addresses: A Class B network address' first octet can range from 128 to 191.
  • Ethernet Address Length: An Ethernet address is 6 bytes (48 bits) long.
  • ARP Protocol: ARP is used to find the hardware address of a local device.
  • Data Link Layer Functions: The data link layer determines the network topology, performs flow control, and performs physical addressing. It does not terminate sessions or manage transport across the physical link (another layer handles physical layer tasks).
  • Exterior Gateway Protocol: BGP is an example of an exterior gateway protocol.
  • NAT Table Clearing: clear ip nat translation command wipes out active NAT translations.
  • Dynamic NAT Access List: In dynamic NAT configurations, an access list is required to control outgoing traffic from inside local addresses.
  • Viewing NAT Translations: show ip nat translations or show ip nat statistics display active NAT translations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Class C IP addressing, subnetting, and network troubleshooting techniques. This quiz covers essential concepts such as subnet masks, DHCP issues, and the OSI model layers. Perfect for networking students and IT professionals looking to refresh their skills.

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