Questions and Answers
What is an IP Address?
An IP Address can be represented in only one way: Decimal.
False
What must each octet be in decimal notation?
Between 0 and 255
What is the definition of Binary in relation to IP Addresses?
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To convert from binary to decimal, memorize the decimal equivalent to the binary numbers: 10000000 = ______
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What does the IP address include?
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What is the purpose of the subnet mask?
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What class of IP address has the range 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255?
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What class of IP address has the range 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255?
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What class of IP address has the range 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255?
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What class of IP address is reserved for multicast groups?
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What is the address range for Class E?
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What does the first address in an IP address range identify?
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What is the purpose of the broadcast address?
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What is a loopback address?
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Who manages the assignment of IP addresses on the Internet?
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Study Notes
IP Address Overview
- An IP address is a 32-bit binary number allowing hosts to participate in IP-based networks.
- Represented as four octets, each octet is an 8-bit number, separated by periods.
Representation of IP Address
- Can be displayed in two formats: Decimal or Binary.
- In decimal notation, each octet ranges from 0 to 255.
- Binary notation consists of 8-character numbers representing each octet.
Conversion of IP Addresses
- To convert from binary to decimal, assign decimal values based on binary positions; for instance, 10000000 equals 128.
- The decimal equivalent of binary 10010101 is calculated as 128 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 149.
Components of an IP Address
- An IP address includes both network and host addresses.
- The subnet mask is a 32-bit number that identifies the network portion in an IP address.
Subnet Masks
- Always presented in binary as a series of 1's followed by 0's, e.g., 255.255.255.0.
Classes of IP Addresses
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Class A:
- Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
- Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
- Supports up to 16,777,214 hosts.
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Class B:
- Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
- Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
- Supports up to 65,534 hosts.
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Class C:
- Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
- Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
- Supports up to 254 hosts.
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Class D:
- Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
- Used for multicast groups, no default subnet mask.
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Class E:
- Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
- Reserved for experimental use, no default subnet mask.
Network and Broadcast Addresses
- The first address in a range identifies the network; all host bits are 0's.
- The last address is the broadcast address, sending messages to all hosts; all host bits are 1's.
Host Addresses
- Each host requires a unique IP address within the same network portion.
- First and last addresses in any range are reserved for network and broadcast purposes.
- Example host ranges:
- Class A: 115.0.0.1 to 115.255.255.254
- Class B: 154.90.0.1 to 154.90.255.254
- Class C: 221.65.244.1 to 221.65.244.254.
Local Host Addressing
- Addresses in the 127.0.0.0 range refer to the local host, with 127.0.0.1 as the loopback address.
IP Address Management
- Unique IP addresses on the Internet are controlled by organizations.
- The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) oversees IP address assignments.
- IANA operates under ICANN and allocates IP address blocks to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), which in turn distribute them to Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
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Enhance your understanding of IP addresses with these informative flashcards. Each card provides definitions and key facts about IP addresses, including their binary and decimal representations. Perfect for students and anyone looking to learn more about networking.
