IoT Devices and Arduino Basics

Study Notes

Basic Building Blocks of an IoT Device

Sensors: Devices that detect physical parameters like temperature, light, motion, and convert into electrical signals.
Actuators: Devices that receive electrical signals and produce a physical response by controlling motors, valves, lights, or other devices.
Microcontrollers: Small computers that control and manage the overall functioning of the IoT device.

Introduction to Arduino

An open-source platform for building electronics projects, ideal for IoT prototyping.
Offers a microcontroller board and development environment to write code for controlling sensors and actuators.
Users can write code for various IoT tasks like data acquisition, transmission, and actuation.

Interfacing of Sensors and Actuators with Arduino

Arduino boards have analog and digital input/output pins for connecting sensors and actuators.
Sensors like temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors generate analog readings that need to be converted using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
Actuators like motors and LEDs are controlled by sending digital signals through specific pins.

Introduction to Raspberry Pi

Small, affordable, and versatile computer that provides a powerful platform for developing IoT applications.
Possesses more processing power and memory compared to Arduino boards.
Supports various programming languages and operating systems, enabling the development of more complex IoT solutions.

Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi

Runs various IoT protocols like MQTT, HTTP, and others for communication between devices.
Can connect to cloud services like AWS, Azure, or other platforms for storing and analyzing data.
Can be used to build smart home devices, environmental monitoring systems, and more.

Fog Computing

A distributed computing paradigm where processing and data storage occur closer to the edge of the network.
Offers advantages like reduced latency, improved bandwidth efficiency, and enhanced data privacy.
Examples include edge servers, gateways, and even smart devices themselves.

IoT Data Link Layer and Network Layer Protocols

Physical Layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC): Responsible for managing communication over the wireless medium.
- IEEE 802.11: Wi-Fi standard for wireless networking, providing high bandwidth and long range.
- IEEE 802.15: Family of standards covering various short-range wireless technologies, including Bluetooth and ZigBee.
WIRELESSHART: A wireless protocol for industrial automation, offering reliability and security for process control applications.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE): An energy-efficient version of Bluetooth designed for low-power, short-range communication, ideal for wearables and smart home devices.
Network Layer: Responsible for routing and addressing data packets across the network.
- IPv6: The latest version of the Internet Protocol, offering a wider address space and enhanced security features.
- 6LoWPAN: An adaptation of IPv6 for use in low-power, low-bandwidth networks, enabling IPv6 connectivity in resource-constrained IoT devices.

Introduction to Arduino

Arduino is a popular microcontroller platform used for developing and prototyping electronics projects.
Arduino boards are easy to use and program, making them a popular choice for hobbyists and makers.

Interfacing of sensors and actuators with Arduino

Arduino can be used to interface with various sensors and actuators.
Sensors provide data about physical conditions, such as temperature or light.
Actuators are devices that can control physical systems, such as motors or LEDs.

Introduction to Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer known for its versatility and affordability.
It can be used for a wide range of tasks, including general computing, robotics, and IoT projects.

Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi can be used as the central processing unit (CPU) for an IoT system.
It can collect data from sensors, process it, and send it to a cloud server or other devices.
It can also control actuators based on received instructions.

Fog Computing

Fog computing extends cloud computing services to the edge of the network, closer to data sources and users.
It provides distributed processing and storage capabilities, eliminating latency and improving performance.

IoT data link layer & network layer protocols

PHY/MAC layer protocols in IoT:
- IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi): a common wireless standard for IoT devices.
- IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth): used for short-range communication.
Wireless HART is a wireless protocol used for industrial automation.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a power-efficient version of Bluetooth designed for low-power devices.
Network layer protocols:
- IPV6: a new generation of the Internet Protocol (IP) that addresses the growing demand for IP addresses.
- 6LOWPAN: a protocol that adapts IPV6 for use in low-power, constrained networks (e.g., IoT networks).

Description

Explore the fundamental components of IoT devices, including sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers. This quiz also covers the introduction to Arduino as a key platform for IoT prototyping and explains how to interface various sensors and actuators. Test your knowledge on the basics of building IoT systems!