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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between ionization and passive diffusion of weak acid drugs?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between ionization and passive diffusion of weak acid drugs?
- Weak acid drugs are more permeable to cell membranes in their unionized form. (correct)
- Ionization status does not affect the passive diffusion of weak acid drugs.
- Weak acid drugs can only passively diffuse through cell membranes in their ionized form.
- Weak acid drugs are more permeable to cell membranes in their ionized form.
A weak acid drug has a pKa of 4.5. In an environment with a pH of 3.0, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
A weak acid drug has a pKa of 4.5. In an environment with a pH of 3.0, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
- Mostly unionized
- Equally ionized and unionized
- Mostly ionized (correct)
- The ionization state cannot be determined from the given information.
How does the ionization state of a drug molecule affect its ability to passively diffuse across a cell membrane?
How does the ionization state of a drug molecule affect its ability to passively diffuse across a cell membrane?
- Unionized molecules have higher membrane permeability than ionized molecules. (correct)
- Ionized molecules have higher membrane permeability than unionized molecules.
- Ionized molecules can only passively diffuse through specialized ion channels.
- Ionization state does not affect passive diffusion across cell membranes.
A drug has a pKa of 8.2. In an environment with a pH of 7.4, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
A drug has a pKa of 8.2. In an environment with a pH of 7.4, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
How does the lipophilicity of a drug molecule affect its ability to passively diffuse across a cell membrane?
How does the lipophilicity of a drug molecule affect its ability to passively diffuse across a cell membrane?
A drug has a pKa of 7.0. In an environment with a pH of 6.0, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
A drug has a pKa of 7.0. In an environment with a pH of 6.0, what is the primary ionization state of this drug?
In the stomach (pH 1.5), aspirin, a weak acid with a pKa of 3, will most likely exist in which ionization state?
In the stomach (pH 1.5), aspirin, a weak acid with a pKa of 3, will most likely exist in which ionization state?
Which form of aspirin, a weak acid, is more likely to diffuse through biological membranes in the stomach?
Which form of aspirin, a weak acid, is more likely to diffuse through biological membranes in the stomach?
Which transport mechanism is primarily responsible for the absorption of drugs in the small intestine, regardless of their ionization state?
Which transport mechanism is primarily responsible for the absorption of drugs in the small intestine, regardless of their ionization state?
What is the primary consequence of a drug molecule being in its ionized state when attempting to cross a biological membrane?
What is the primary consequence of a drug molecule being in its ionized state when attempting to cross a biological membrane?
If a drug transporter or carrier is saturated, what is the most likely clinical outcome?
If a drug transporter or carrier is saturated, what is the most likely clinical outcome?
Which type of transport mechanism is responsible for moving drug molecules against their concentration gradient while utilizing cellular energy (ATP)?
Which type of transport mechanism is responsible for moving drug molecules against their concentration gradient while utilizing cellular energy (ATP)?
Which factor affects the absorption of drugs such as onset, duration, and intensity of action?
Which factor affects the absorption of drugs such as onset, duration, and intensity of action?
In drug transport across biological membranes, which type does not require energy and moves along a concentration gradient?
In drug transport across biological membranes, which type does not require energy and moves along a concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves movement from high to low concentration without the use of cellular energy?
Which type of transport involves movement from high to low concentration without the use of cellular energy?
Among the different subtypes of passive transport, which one involves the direct movement of a drug through a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached?
Among the different subtypes of passive transport, which one involves the direct movement of a drug through a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached?
For drugs undergoing passive diffusion, which transport mechanism involves movement along a concentration gradient without using cellular energy?
For drugs undergoing passive diffusion, which transport mechanism involves movement along a concentration gradient without using cellular energy?
Which transport type is most frequently utilized by drugs for passive transport due to its direct movement through a semi-permeable membrane?
Which transport type is most frequently utilized by drugs for passive transport due to its direct movement through a semi-permeable membrane?
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