CSI153- protozoa (amoeba)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following parasites requires a host to live?

  • Free living Amoeba
  • Giardia lamblia (correct)
  • Entamoeba histolytica (correct)
  • Acanthamoeba spp. (correct)

    • Which phylum does the kinetoplast structure belong to?

  • Microspora
  • Ciliophora
  • Sarcomastigophora (correct)
  • Sporozoa

    • Which of the following has a circulatory system?

  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Acanthamoeba spp.
  • None of the above (correct)

    • What is the genus of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Cyclospora classified under?

    <p>Sporozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only ciliate found in the human intestinal tract?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the apical complex in parasites?

    <p>Attachment to the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aberrant parasite?

    <p>A parasite that migrates to the site of the host but cannot live or develop further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a free-living amoeba?

    <p>Acanthamoeba spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phylum of Amoeba?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the locomotory organs of Amoeba?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many forms of Amoeba are there?

    <p>Multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of infection of Amoebic Meningitis?

    <p>Water-borne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic stage of Plasmodium?

    <p>Cercaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary host of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Horizontal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of Protozoa?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nucleus of Endolimax nana trophozoite?

    <p>Large central karyosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycogen vacuole in Iodamoeba bütschlii?

    <p>Provides energy for the parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Blastocystis hominis?

    <p>Has a yeast-like form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic stage of intestinal amoeba?

    <p>Trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infective stage of intestinal amoeba?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Protozoa is free living?

    <p>Free living amoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of trophozoite of Endolimax nana?

    <p>Ectoplasm is not differentiated from endoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cyst of Iodamoeba bütschlii?

    <p>8-15 mm and oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of nuclei in a mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pseudopodia in Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>To move around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of a trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica at 37°C?

    <p>Up to 5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the staining technique used to visualize the nucleus of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Iron-hematoxylin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are found?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytoplasmic inclusion found in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites?

    <p>Ingested RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Oral-fecal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of amoeba under?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pseudopodia in amoeba?

    <p>Motility and phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infective form of Entamoeba histolytica for vertebrate hosts?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common mode of infection of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated water and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Entamoeba histolytica commonly found?

    <p>Tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of fission exhibited by amoeba?

    <p>Multiple fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical importance of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Causes amoebiasis or intestinal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of movement exhibited by amoeba?

    <p>Crawling or gliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intestinal Amoeba

    • Entamoeba histolytica
      • Size range: 8-65µm (irregular shape)
      • Motility: Actively motile with finger-like pseudopodia
      • Number of nuclei: 1
      • Karyosome: Small and central
      • Cytoplasm: Finely granular
      • Inclusions: Ingested RBC
      • Site: Lumen

    Morphology of Trophozoite

    • Ectoplasm: Clear, transparent, and refractile
    • Endoplasm: Finely granular with a ground glass appearance, containing nucleus, food vacuoles, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and tissue debris
    • Pseudopodia: Finger-like projections with sudden jerky movement of ectoplasm in one direction, followed by streaming in of the whole endoplasm

    Life Span of Trophozoites

    • Up to 5 hours at 37°C
    • Killed by drying, heat, and chemical sterilization
    • Ingestion: Destroyed in stomach, cannot cause infection

    Nucleus

    • Spherical, 4-6 µm in diameter
    • Contains central karyosome and chromatin granules (evenly distributed)
    • Not clearly seen in living trophozoites
    • Stained with iron-hematoxylin

    Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica

    • Size range: 8-22µm
    • Shape: Spherical to round
    • Number of nuclei: 1-4 (immature: 1; mature: 4)
    • Karyosome: Small and central
    • Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
    • Cytoplasm: Finely granular
    • Inclusions: Chromatid bars/rounded ends, diffuse glycogen mass (seen in immature cyst, disappears in mature cyst)

    Iodamoeba bütschlii

    • Cyst: 8-15 mm, oval, uninucleated
    • Nucleus: Large central karyosome
    • Inclusion: Large glycogen vacuole (seen under iodine staining)

    Blastocystis hominis

    • Worldwide distribution
    • Size: 2-100 µm
    • Yeast-like form
    • Can accumulate starch and fill granules

    Life Cycle of Intestinal Amoeba

    • Non-pathogenic intestinal amoeba
    • Exercises:
      • Draw the life cycle of E. histolytica
      • What is the diagnostic stage and infective stage of intestinal amoeba?

    Revision

    • True or False statements
      • Copulatory organs of nematodes parasites include spicule and gubernaculum
      • Apical complex is necessary for attachment to the host
      • Cyclophyllidean tapeworm has open-ended uterus
      • Aberrant parasite is a parasite that migrates and reaches the site of the host but cannot live or develop further
      • Starch granules are artifacts that appear as irregularly shaped

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