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Questions and Answers
Which of the following parasites requires a host to live?
Which phylum does the kinetoplast structure belong to?
Which of the following has a circulatory system?
What is the genus of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Cyclospora classified under?
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What is the only ciliate found in the human intestinal tract?
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What is the function of the apical complex in parasites?
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What is an aberrant parasite?
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Which of the following is a free-living amoeba?
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What is the phylum of Amoeba?
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What are the locomotory organs of Amoeba?
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How many forms of Amoeba are there?
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What is the mode of infection of Amoebic Meningitis?
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Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic stage of Plasmodium?
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What is the primary host of Toxoplasma gondii?
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What is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of Protozoa?
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What is the characteristic of the nucleus of Endolimax nana trophozoite?
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What is the function of glycogen vacuole in Iodamoeba bütschlii?
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What is the characteristic of Blastocystis hominis?
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What is the diagnostic stage of intestinal amoeba?
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What is the infective stage of intestinal amoeba?
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Which of the following Protozoa is free living?
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What is the characteristic of trophozoite of Endolimax nana?
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What is the characteristic of the cyst of Iodamoeba bütschlii?
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What is the shape of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the number of nuclei in a mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the function of pseudopodia in Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the lifespan of a trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica at 37°C?
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What is the staining technique used to visualize the nucleus of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the site where Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are found?
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What is the cytoplasmic inclusion found in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites?
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What is the method of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the classification of amoeba under?
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What is the function of pseudopodia in amoeba?
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What is the infective form of Entamoeba histolytica for vertebrate hosts?
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What is the common mode of infection of Entamoeba histolytica?
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Where is Entamoeba histolytica commonly found?
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What is the type of fission exhibited by amoeba?
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What is the medical importance of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the type of movement exhibited by amoeba?
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Study Notes
Intestinal Amoeba
-
Entamoeba histolytica
- Size range: 8-65µm (irregular shape)
- Motility: Actively motile with finger-like pseudopodia
- Number of nuclei: 1
- Karyosome: Small and central
- Cytoplasm: Finely granular
- Inclusions: Ingested RBC
- Site: Lumen
Morphology of Trophozoite
- Ectoplasm: Clear, transparent, and refractile
- Endoplasm: Finely granular with a ground glass appearance, containing nucleus, food vacuoles, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and tissue debris
- Pseudopodia: Finger-like projections with sudden jerky movement of ectoplasm in one direction, followed by streaming in of the whole endoplasm
Life Span of Trophozoites
- Up to 5 hours at 37°C
- Killed by drying, heat, and chemical sterilization
- Ingestion: Destroyed in stomach, cannot cause infection
Nucleus
- Spherical, 4-6 µm in diameter
- Contains central karyosome and chromatin granules (evenly distributed)
- Not clearly seen in living trophozoites
- Stained with iron-hematoxylin
Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica
- Size range: 8-22µm
- Shape: Spherical to round
- Number of nuclei: 1-4 (immature: 1; mature: 4)
- Karyosome: Small and central
- Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
- Cytoplasm: Finely granular
- Inclusions: Chromatid bars/rounded ends, diffuse glycogen mass (seen in immature cyst, disappears in mature cyst)
Iodamoeba bütschlii
- Cyst: 8-15 mm, oval, uninucleated
- Nucleus: Large central karyosome
- Inclusion: Large glycogen vacuole (seen under iodine staining)
Blastocystis hominis
- Worldwide distribution
- Size: 2-100 µm
- Yeast-like form
- Can accumulate starch and fill granules
Life Cycle of Intestinal Amoeba
- Non-pathogenic intestinal amoeba
- Exercises:
- Draw the life cycle of E. histolytica
- What is the diagnostic stage and infective stage of intestinal amoeba?
Revision
-
True or False statements
- Copulatory organs of nematodes parasites include spicule and gubernaculum
- Apical complex is necessary for attachment to the host
- Cyclophyllidean tapeworm has open-ended uterus
- Aberrant parasite is a parasite that migrates and reaches the site of the host but cannot live or develop further
- Starch granules are artifacts that appear as irregularly shaped
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