Investment Strategy Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a crucial factor in developing an effective investment strategy?

  • Frequent trading of assets
  • Client's starting point and goals (correct)
  • High past performance of managed funds
  • The latest market trends

What is the primary purpose of conducting a gap analysis for a client?

  • To assess the latest financial news
  • To find shortfalls between objectives and current situation (correct)
  • To calculate tax liabilities
  • To identify new investment opportunities

Which component is essential for a comprehensive statement of advice?

  • Investment trends over the last decade
  • Personal anecdotes from the advisor
  • Client's preferences for risk
  • Disclosure of transaction fees (correct)

What should advisers primarily focus on to maintain a long-term client relationship?

<p>Understanding the client’s unique financial situation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the investment strategy development process?

<p>Market news analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislative requirements must an adviser explain when making recommendations?

<p>Obligations regarding client disclosure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step is essential when conducting an annual review of a client's financial strategies?

<p>Re-evaluating the client's financial objectives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of portfolio management should advisers demonstrate understanding of?

<p>Changing market environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when identifying a client's needs and objectives in the investment advice process?

<p>Understanding the client's financial goals and risk tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In developing an investment strategy, what must the portfolio reflect according to a client's circumstances?

<p>The appropriate asset allocation and constraints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential method for managing investment risk within a portfolio?

<p>Diversification across different asset classes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is critical in the ongoing portfolio management process?

<p>Regularly reviewing and adjusting the portfolio to meet client needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the Statement of Advice (SOA) in investment strategy development?

<p>Investment strategy, asset allocation, and broader financial planning aspects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding a client’s risk tolerance vital in the investment advice process?

<p>It influences the development of tailored investment strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for conducting an ongoing review of an investment portfolio?

<p>To align the portfolio with changing client needs and market conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component when developing an investment strategy?

<p>Focusing solely on fulfilling current market demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does saving early provide to an investor?

<p>Longer time for compound interest to work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial responsibility might reduce risk tolerance for investors in their 30s?

<p>Mortgage obligations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely characteristic of risk profiles for investors aged 60 and above?

<p>Focus on capital protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What opportunity may investors in their 40s to 50s likely have regarding their investments?

<p>To invest a larger rate than previously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of retirement investing focuses on minimizing residential aged care fees?

<p>Aged care phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might older investors prefer a conservative risk profile?

<p>To protect retirement income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor enhances the importance of financial advisers for older clients?

<p>Rising complexity of financial planning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can investors in their 60s leverage their investments post-retirement?

<p>By using investments to supplement retirement income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the gap analysis process?

<p>Constructing projections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for financial advisers to gather comprehensive information during the first meeting?

<p>To ensure there are no deficiencies in the initial advice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after comparing projections to goals?

<p>Revise existing strategies and goals if necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not obtaining all relevant client information?

<p>High chances of client advice rejection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of gap analysis involve relating to projections?

<p>Constructing future projections based on historical performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if additional information is needed after an investment strategy is developed?

<p>Redevelopment of the Statement of Advice (SOA) will be necessary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of validating the client's willingness to make trade-offs?

<p>Engaging in discussions and confirmations with the client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'trade-off' refer to in the gap analysis process?

<p>Sacrificing one goal or strategy for another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of constructing projections in investment analysis?

<p>To compare scenarios and inform recommendations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed if there is a significant gap between projections and established financial goals?

<p>Goals or investment strategies should be revised. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rates should be used when constructing projections?

<p>Reasonable earning and indexing rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is critical to include in the Statement of Advice (SOA) when making projections?

<p>Detailed assumptions regarding the projections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can projections be tested effectively?

<p>By applying different variables and analyzing the results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when adjusting investment strategies due to projection discrepancies?

<p>Timeframes, target amounts, and risk tolerances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adjusting target amounts in investment goals involve?

<p>Re-evaluating the expected financial outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can projections serve as in the context of financial advice?

<p>An analytical tool and a way to illustrate benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the recommended strategies for Melissa and Lee to enhance their retirement savings?

<p>Salary sacrificing to increase contributions to superannuation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected average return of the growth assets in Melissa's and Lee's portfolio?

<p>4% p.a. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much do Melissa and Lee plan to salary sacrifice to superannuation each per year?

<p>$10,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined superannuation balance for Melissa and Lee projected at age 65?

<p>$763,491 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk do Melissa and Lee still face despite improving their retirement income?

<p>Longevity risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do Melissa and Lee plan to retire based on the adjusted projections?

<p>65 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might Melissa and Lee consider to further refine their savings projections?

<p>Increasing savings levels based on cash flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy could Melissa and Lee explore to potentially increase earnings?

<p>Gearing strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Client Needs & Objectives

The client's goals, such as retirement savings or buying a house, and their risk tolerance, are crucial for investment strategy development.

Investment Strategy Development

Creating an investment plan based on client needs, objectives, and risk tolerance; includes portfolio construction and asset allocation.

Ongoing Portfolio Management

Regular review and adjustments of the investment portfolio, along with client needs, to ensure goals are met and risk is managed; includes legal requirements.

Investment Portfolio

A collection of investments tailored to a client's needs, objectives, and risk tolerance.

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Statement of Advice (SOA)

A document summarizing a client's investment strategy, including recommendations, objectives, and risk management methods.

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Asset Allocation

The distribution of investment funds across different asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, real estate) to achieve particular risk and return objectives.

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Risk Tolerance

A client's capacity for bearing financial loss or risk.

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Diversification

The act of spreading investments across different assets to reduce overall portfolio risk.

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Investment Strategy

A plan that includes tax, investment structures, asset allocation, and financial measures to reach client financial goals.

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Client Goals and Timeline

Understanding client objectives, and when they want to achieve them is crucial for investment strategy.

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Risk Tolerance

A client's comfort level with potential investment losses.

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Client Data Analysis

Analyzing client cash flow, net worth, and goals to determine suitable investments.

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Gap Analysis

Identifying discrepancies between a client's goals, risk tolerance, and current financial standing.

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Investment Strategy Components

Includes appropriate tax strategy, investment structures, asset allocation, and financial measures to meet client goals.

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Statement of Advice

A document outlining an investment strategy which must include necessary disclosures.

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Annual Review

Regular evaluation of a client's portfolio using steps outlined in a financial strategy.

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Suitability

Is the portfolio still appropriate for the client's ongoing needs?

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Investment Risk at 20s

Investment risk profile in the 20s is generally higher due to a longer time to recover from any losses.

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Investment Risk at 30s

Investment risk profile in the 30s is typically lower due to increased financial responsibilities (like mortgage or children).

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Investment Risk at 40-50s

Investment risk profile in the 40-50s is potentially higher because this age often has highest income, allowing to invest and save at a larger rate.

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Investment Risk at 60+

Risk profile tends to be conservative during retirement due to a desire to protect retirement income. Security and retention of government benefits are prime considerations

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Impact of Age on Investment Choices

Life stage significantly impacts investment decisions, with different risk tolerances and financial priorities at various ages.

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Increased Longevity and Investment

Due to increasing lifespan, another phase (aged care) may need to be accounted for in retirement planning. Security of capital and income, ensuring Centrelink benefits, and minimizing aged care fees need special attention.

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Investment Options in retirement

Two major retirement investment approaches are drawing from retirement funds, and reinvesting spare income.

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Gap Analysis Process

A process for evaluating the projected financial outcomes against defined goals. It involves creating projections, comparing them to objectives, potentially revising goals/strategies, and ultimately adjusting projections accordingly to match the revised targets or investment strategies.

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Constructing Projections

Creating estimations of future financial outcomes based on current investments, historic performance, and anticipated returns.

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Comparing Projections to Goals

Evaluating estimated financial outcomes (projections) against the desired or set financial targets (goals) over a specified time.

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Revising Goals/Strategies

Adjusting set goals and existing plans (strategies) when comparisons reveal discrepancies between projections and objectives.

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Constructing Revised Projections

Creating updated financial outcome estimations that take into account any revised goals or strategies.

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Gathering Sufficient Information

The financial advisor needs enough information about the client and their willingness to make trade-offs to accurately assess the situation.

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Investment Projections

Estimates of investment growth over time, based on current strategies and assumptions.

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Revised Projections

Adjusted investment growth estimates reflecting changes to investment strategies.

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Projection-Goal Comparison

Analyzing whether projected investment growth aligns with desired financial goals.

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Investment Strategy Revision

Adapting investment goals, timeframes, risk tolerance, or asset allocation to meet projected needs.

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Projection Construction

Creating estimated future scenarios of investment performance.

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Assumptions in Projections

Predictions about factors like interest rates, market trends, and expense changes used in projection models.

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Gap Analysis (in Projections)

Identifying discrepancies between predicted investment growth and desired financial objectives.

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Reasonable Earning Rates

Using realistic estimations for investment returns, based on market research.

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Indexing Rates

Using expected factors, such as salary increases, in projections.

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Prospective Financial Information Disclosure

Guidelines on when and how to disclose expected future financial data.

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Reasonable Grounds for Prospective Info

Valid justification for presenting anticipated financial details.

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Salary Sacrifice for Superannuation

Paying into superannuation using pre-tax dollars, potentially increasing contributions.

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Growth Assets (4% Return)

Investments expected to deliver an average 4% return after fees and taxes.

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Retirement Age Delay (65)

Postponing retirement to age 65, potentially boosting retirement capital.

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Longevity Risk

The risk of outliving retirement savings.

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Further Refining Projections

Improving the accuracy of future financial estimates.

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Increased Savings Levels

Raising the amount of money saved, provided there are funds available.

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Part-time Work After 60

Working part-time after retirement age, enabling continued income while adjusting lifestyle.

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Gearing & Transition Strategies

Utilizing financial leverage or retirement programs for maximum savings.

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Maximizing Centrelink

Optimizing the benefits obtained under government retirement support programs.

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Higher Risk for Increased Earnings

Taking more risk in investments to potentially produce higher returns.

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Study Notes

Topic 1: The Investment Advice Process in Practice

  • These materials are issued by Kaplan Higher Education with the understanding that they are not liable for any actions taken based on the information in these materials.
  • The views expressed by presenters during lectures or workshops may differ from those of Kaplan Professional.
  • Kaplan Higher Education makes every effort to acknowledge copyright owners.
  • All ASX material is reproduced with the permission of ASX Limited.
  • No part of the material may be copied without written permission from ASX Limited.
  • The document is confidential.

Overview

  • Investment advice should be in line with the financial planning process.
  • Client needs and objectives drive the financial planning process therefore need to be identified and analyzed.
  • When developing an Investment Strategy, the client's goals, tolerance for risk, and timeline must be considered.
  • Investment strategy development and recommendations are based on preparation, research, and analysis.
  • Investment portfolios must be suited to all parts of the client's broader financial plan, including superannuation and insurance.
  • Ongoing portfolio management is equally important as is the ongoing management of client needs and objectives.

Topic Learning Outcomes

  • Students will be able to analyze client data, identify a client's cash flow requirements and net worth, and effectively determine their financial situation in order to achieve their goals and objectives.
  • Students will be able to develop a comprehensive investment strategy, including a statement of advice.
  • Students will be able to build a client investment portfolio.
  • Students will be able to complete an annual review and analyze data to make effective recommendations.
  • Students will demonstrate an understanding of the changing environment in portfolio management.

Stages in Portfolio Development

  • The first step in gathering information from a client is to determine the annual cash flow needs and net worth to determine if the client's goals are achievable.
  • Short-term, medium-term and long-term goals should be outlined for review.

Cash Flows, Net Worth and Asset Allocation

  • Cash flows are the inflow (income) and outflow (expenses).
  • An annualized account of a client's income and expenses will aid in determining net savings.
  • The cash flow statement is used to discuss income sources, taxation consequences, and the deductibility of investment items.
  • Clients may have abnormal income (one-off bonus).
  • Clients may not have an understanding of their current financial situation or how those situations might impact their objectives
  • Current assets and liabilities should be reviewed to determine net worth.
  • Asset allocation should be considered regarding lifestyle assets, cash lump sums, annuities, and debt.

Understanding Client Goals

  • Clients may have difficulty clearly expressing their goals.
  • Short-term goals may include paying credit card balances and school fees.
  • Medium-term goals may include repaying a mortgage, improving a home, and/or educating their children for the future.
  • Long-term goals generally relate to retirement.
  • Incompatible or non-achievable goals must be identified.

Investor Objectives

  • Investor objectives are for current and future liabilities to be provided.
  • Objectives can be broken down to return and risk objectives, which must be in line with reasonable capital market expectations.

Investor Constraints

  • Investor constraints may include time horizon, tax considerations, liquidity, legal factors, and unique circumstances.
  • Time horizon can be long term or short term or multistage depending on various factors (such as retirement expectations).
  • Tax considerations cover capital gains tax, and how taxes will impact investment strategies.
  • Liquidity relates to being able to meet financial needs, like those related to cash flow or unforeseen circumstances (one-time liquidity events).

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