Introduction to Medical Parasitology
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Questions and Answers

Which category of parasites includes both single-celled and multicellular forms?

  • Platyhelminthes
  • Metazoa (correct)
  • Mastigophora
  • Sarcodina

    • Which phylum contains tapeworms and flukes?

  • Nemahelminthes
  • Sporozoa
  • Mastigophora
  • Platyhelminthes (correct)

    • What is the mode of transmission for Entamoeba histolytica?

  • Fecal-oral route (correct)
  • Insect bite
  • Airborne transmission
  • Sexual contact

    • In which category would you find flagellates?

    <p>Mastigophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Amebic dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of country does E. histolytica infection occur most frequently?

    <p>Tropical countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequent site of systemic disease for the organism causing intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum infective dose for humans of Giardia lamblia (duodenalis)?

    <p>10-25 cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do trophozoites attach in the intestines in Giardia lamblia (duodenalis) infection?

    <p>Ventral sucking disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for treating Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica predominates in nondiarrheal stools?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes extensive local necrosis in the large intestine in intestinal amebiasis?

    <p>Enzymes secreted by trophozoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the worldwide distribution of giardiasis?

    <p>Worldwide distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

    <p>Pear-shaped with 2 nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical findings associated with giardiasis?

    <p>Foul-smelling diarrhea with nausea and anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific laboratory diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Microscopic examination of vaginal or urethral discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parasites occur in two distinct forms of single-celled Protozoa and multicellular Metazoa?

    <p>Sporozoans and Amebas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phylum would you find flatworms like tapeworms and flukes?

    <p>Phylum Platyhelminthes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Amebic dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of E. histolytica?

    <p>Fecal-oral route through contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

    <p>Pear-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific laboratory diagnostic method for Giardia lamblia (duodenalis)?

    <p>Stool antigen test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of systemic disease in intestinal amebiasis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant stage in nondiarrheal stools for Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum infective dose for humans of Giardia lamblia (duodenalis)?

    <p>10-25 cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the body does Trichomonas vaginalis primarily exist?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is most commonly involved in extraintestinal amebiasis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific laboratory diagnostic method for Giardia lamblia (duodenalis)?

    <p>Stained Giemsa or unstained smears examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

    <p>Pear-shaped with a central nucleus &amp; 4 anterior flegella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do trophozoites attach in the intestines in Entamoeba histolytica infection?

    <p>To the intestinal villi by ventral sucking disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical findings associated with giardiasis?

    <p>Nonbloody, foul-smelling diarrhea with nausea and flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category would you find flagellates in?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of country does E. histolytica infection occur most frequently?

    <p>Developing countries with poor sanitation conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of parasites includes both single-celled and multicellular forms?

    <p>Metazoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium?

    <p>Contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phylum would you find both tapeworms and flukes?

    <p>Platyhelminthes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Giardiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Trichomonas vaginalis primarily exist in the body?

    <p>Genitourinary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific laboratory diagnostic method for Cryptosporidium?

    <p>Stool microscopy for oocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum infective dose for humans of Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>10-25 cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is most commonly involved in extraintestinal amebiasis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category would you find flagellates?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes extensive local necrosis in the large intestine in giardiasis?

    <p>Secretion of enzymes by trophozoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific laboratory diagnostic method for Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Microscopic examination of abcess material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Giardia lamblia (duodenalis) trophozoite?

    <p>-shaped with a central nucleus &amp; 2 nuclei, 4 pairs of flagella and a suction disk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do trophozoites attach in the intestines in Entamoeba histolytica infection?

    <ul> <li>Intestinal villi by ventral sucking disk</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the worldwide distribution of trichomoniasis?

    <ul> <li>Worldwide distribution</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical findings associated with trichomoniasis?

    <p>Asymptomatic or scant, watery vaginal discharge accompanied by itching, burning and painful urination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Categories of Parasites

    • Includes both single-celled (Protozoa) and multicellular (Metazoa) forms.
    • Flagellates are found in Protozoa.

    Phylum Containing Tapeworms and Flukes

    • Flatworms, which belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes.

    Entamoeba histolytica

    • Mode of transmission: Fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water or food.
    • Disease caused: Amebic dysentery or amoebiasis.
    • Infections most common in developing countries with poor sanitation.
    • Primary site of systemic disease: Liver, commonly leading to liver abscesses.
    • Predominant stage in nondiarrheal stools: Cysts.

    Giardia lamblia (duodenalis)

    • Minimum infective dose for humans: Approximately 10-100 cysts.
    • Trophozoites attach to the intestinal wall, particularly in the duodenum.
    • Clinical findings associated with giardiasis: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, fatigue.
    • Specific laboratory diagnostic method: Stool examination for cysts or trophozoites.

    Trichomonas vaginalis

    • Primary mode of transmission: Sexual contact.
    • Minimum infective dose: Not clearly defined, as only a few organisms can cause infection.
    • Predominant location in body: Urogenital tract.
    • Drug of choice for treatment: Metronidazole.
    • Laboratory diagnostic method: Wet mount microscopy or nucleic acid amplification tests.

    Cryptosporidium

    • Primary mode of transmission: Fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water.
    • Specific laboratory diagnostic method: Acid-fast staining or immunofluorescence assays.

    Additional Clinical Information

    • Organ commonly involved in extraintestinal amebiasis: Liver.
    • Extensive local necrosis in intestinal amebiasis is caused by the invasive nature of Entamoeba histolytica.
    • Worldwide distribution of giardiasis: Common in both developed and developing countries, particularly in areas with untreated water supplies.
    • Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite: Pear-shaped with flagella.
    • Shape of Giardia lamblia (duodenalis) trophozoite: Tear or pear-shaped with two nuclei.

    Summary of Infection Patterns

    • E. histolytica and Giardia lamblia infections occur frequently in regions with inadequate sanitation.
    • Both infections lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, with variations in the degree of severity.
    • Trophozoites from both Entamoeba and Giardia attach differently, affecting the clinical manifestations of the diseases.

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    Description

    This quiz provides an introduction to medical parasitology, focusing on invertebrate animals that can cause disease in humans and other animals. The quiz covers the classification of parasites into protozoa and metazoa, as well as the subdivisions of protozoa and metazoa.

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