Invertebrate Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is a prominent characteristic feature associated with Ecdysozoa?

  • Ecdysis, the process of molting (correct)
  • Possession of cilia for movement
  • Presence of a hard exoskeleton
  • Having a closed circulatory system

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes round worms (Nematodes) from those in the phylum Annelida?

  • Nematodes have a complete digestive system. (correct)
  • Annelids have a pseudocoelom.
  • Nematodes possess segmented bodies.
  • Nematodes often exhibit a cephalized structure.

What is a defining feature of Arthropod body structure?

  • Lack of jointed appendages
  • Presence of an endoskeleton
  • Segmented body with a chitinous exoskeleton (correct)
  • Soft-bodied without a hard shell

How do flight adaptations contribute to the success of insects?

<p>Flight facilitates the escape from predators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly illustrates the difference between incomplete and complete metamorphosis?

<p>Incomplete metamorphosis involves gradual changes while complete involves abrupt changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class do millipedes and centipedes belong to?

<p>Myriapoda (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulatory system is found in arthropods?

<p>Open circulatory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do tube feet serve in a sea star?

<p>Locomotion and feeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

<p>Sea cucumbers and sea urchins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions can arthropod appendages serve?

<p>Locomotion (A), Food processing (B), Defense (C), Sensory perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the water vascular system contribute to the functions of echinoderms?

<p>It aids in locomotion and feeding through tube feet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which distinguishing feature separates millipedes from centipedes?

<p>Number of legs, with millipedes having more. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary body divisions of an arthropod?

<p>Head, thorax, and abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes an open circulatory system?

<p>Nutrients and gases are exchanged directly with tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best demonstrates complete metamorphosis?

<p>Butterflies, which undergo stages from egg to larva to pupa to adult (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum do crustaceans belong to?

<p>Arthropoda (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the life cycle of organisms that undergo incomplete metamorphosis?

<p>They transition directly from larva to adult without a pupa stage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Ecdysozoa group?

<p>They undergo ecdysis, or molting of a cuticle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecdysozoa

A major clade of animals that includes animals with a cuticle that needs to be shed for growth. This shedding process is called ecdysis.

Nematoda and Arthropoda

Two phyla within Ecdysozoa. Nematoda includes roundworms, and Arthropoda includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans.

How do Nematodes differ from Annelids?

Nematodes are roundworms with unsegmented bodies and a pseudocoelom, while Annelids are segmented worms with a true coelom.

Arthropod body

An arthropod body is segmented, with a hard exoskeleton made of chitin. It consists of a head, thorax, and abdomen segments.

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Arthropod appendages

Arthropod appendages can be modified for functions like walking, swimming, feeding, sensing, and defense.

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Open circulatory system

An open circulatory system has hemolymph that circulates freely within the body cavity, whereas a closed circulatory system has blood confined to vessels.

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Millipedes and Centipedes

Both belong to Phylum Arthropoda. Millipedes are slow, have two pairs of legs per segment, and are herbivores. Centipedes are fast, have one pair of legs per segment, and are carnivores.

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Flight in insects

Flight in insects contributed significantly to their success due to increased mobility, efficient dispersal, access to food sources, and escape from predators.

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Incomplete Metamorphosis

Incomplete metamorphosis involves three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Nymphs resemble smaller versions of adults and undergo molting to grow.

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Ecdysis

The process of shedding an outer cuticle, allowing growth. Common in animals within the 'Ecdysozoa' clade.

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Nematodes

Roundworms belonging to the phylum Nematoda. They have unsegmented bodies, a pseudocoelom, and a tough cuticle.

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Annelids

Segmented worms belonging to the phylum Annelida, they have a true coelom, and often have bristles called setae.

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Open vs. Closed Circulatory System

Open circulatory system: hemolymph circulates freely in the body cavity. Closed: blood is confined to vessels.

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Arthropods' circulatory system

Arthropods possess an open circulatory system, where hemolymph, not blood, circulates freely.

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Millipede vs. Centipede

Both belong to Phylum Arthropoda. Millipedes are slow, have two pairs of legs per segment, and are herbivores. Centipedes are fast, have one pair of legs per segment, and are carnivores.

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Complete vs Incomplete Metamorphosis

Complete metamorphosis involves four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult (e.g., butterfly). Incomplete involves three: egg, nymph, and adult (e.g., grasshopper).

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Study Notes

Invertebrate Study Guide

  • Ecdysozoa: Characterized by molting (ecdysis).
  • Ecdysozoan Phyla: Examples of studied phyla and their representatives
  • Nematode vs. Annelid Worms: Distinguishing characteristics between roundworms (Nematodes) and segmented worms (Annelida).
  • Arthropod Body Plan: Structure of an arthropod body. An arthropod body consists of segments and jointed appendages.
  • Arthropod Appendages: Functions and adaptations of modified appendages.
  • Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems: Contrasting features and examples in arthropods.
  • Millipede vs. Centipede: Key differences in classification and structure. (e.g., number of legs per body segment, chewing mouthparts).
  • Insect Flight Success: The importance of flight in the success of insects. Flight is a key factor in insect success.
  • Incomplete vs. Complete Metamorphosis: Differences and examples of each.
  • Crustaceans: Phylum (Arthropoda), examples, and characteristics (e.g., crabs, lobsters, shrimp).
  • Deuterostomia: Two major phyla included (examples needed).
  • Sea Star Body Plan: Detailed structure, including the water vascular system. The water vascular system is a unique feature of echinoderms.
  • Sea Star Tube Feet: Function and use (e.g., locomotion, feeding).
  • Echinoderms: Examples of organisms (examples needed).

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