12 Questions
Which type of proteins have not been found in invertebrates?
Immunoglobulins
What is the only immunoglobulin found in agnathans such as the lamprey?
IgM
What do cells resembling lymphocytes in invertebrates include?
Hemocytes and coelomocytes
Which feature is common to the most primitive cells of the immune system?
Ability to distinguish self from foreign components
What is a function of phagocytosis in single-celled protozoans?
Acquisition of food
What is a characteristic of phagocytic cells in higher animals?
Lack specificity and memory
Which term is used by some immunologists to refer to the defensive capabilities of invertebrates against foreign materials?
Protoimmune responses
What characteristic of invertebrate cell-mediated immunity is highlighted in comparison to vertebrates?
Slower graft rejection
What function of the immune system is concerned with the recognition and destruction of neoplastic cells?
Immunological surveillance
Why do some organisms have an adaptive advantage in terms of immune fitness in the evolutionary 'struggle for existence'?
Ability to recognize and destroy invading microorganisms
What is an important component of biological fitness in the evolution of the immune system?
Discrimination between foreign molecules and self components
What complex elements are involved in the vertebrate immune system according to the text?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, antibodies, lymphokines, complement
Test your knowledge on the humoral substances in invertebrates, including nonimmunoglobulin agglutinins and lysins. Learn about the presence of protoimmunoglobulins and the absence of certain proteins in classical pathway in these organisms. Explore the immunoglobulin IgM found in agnathans like lampreys.
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